Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 19 Blood
Functions of Blood vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What results in the failure of vessels to transport blood? | Ischemia |
| Symptoms of blood vessel ischemia | Pain, pulselessness, pallor, parenthesia, paralysis, coolness |
| What do blood vessels regulate? | BP |
| What do blood vessels exchange? | Nutrients and waste |
| Blood vessels are involved with redistribution of: | Blood |
| What else do blood vessels regulate? | Temperature |
| BP def. | The force exerted against the walls of the (large) arteries due to the pumping of the heart |
| Types of blood pressure | Systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure |
| Systolic pressure def. | The pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction |
| Average Systolic Pressure | 120mmHg |
| Normal range of systolic pressure | 100-140mmHg |
| Diastolic pressure def. | The pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation |
| Pulse pressure def. | Systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure |
| Instruments used in measuring BP | sphygmomanometer and stethoscope |
| ________________ is compressed until blood flow is ___________. | Brachial artery; stopped |
| First sounds heard when listening for systolic pressure | Korotkoff sounds (first heard thru stethoscope) |
| What is recorded when Kortkoff sounds stop? | Diastolic pressure |
| Hypertension def. | Chronic elevation of BP |
| Due to low pressure in veins, blood relies on three other mechanisms to return blood back to the heart | Skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, venoconstriction |
| Contraction of the heart muscle forces blood out the: | Ventricles from an area of high pressure to low pressure (BP - result of myocardium and blood vessels) |
| Blood vessels have the ability to change _____. | Diameter |
| Vasodilation def. | Increase in vessel diameter causes a decrease in resistance and a decrease in BP |
| Vasoconstriction def. | Decrease in vessel diameter causes an increase resistance and an increase in BP |
| Blood pressure = | 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure |
| Cardiac output = | SV x HR |
| Increase in SV and/or HR can increase: | CO and therefore BP (and vice versa) |
| What do arterioles primarily determine? | Vascular resistance |
| What influences vascular resistance | Sympathetic NS, Hormones (epinephrine, angiotensin II), drugs |
| Where are baroreceptors located? | Aortic arch, carotid sinus |
| Sensory nerves involved in maintaining BP? | Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) |
| Function of medulla oblongata in maintaining BP? | Interprets info from sensory nerves |
| Motor nerces involved with maintaining BP | ANS to heart in vessels |
| Hormones involved in maintaining BP | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Rapidly acting mechanisms involved in maintaining BP? | Baroreceptors, sensory nerves, medulla oblongata, motor nerves, nor/epinephrine |
| What are slow acting mechanisms? | Hormone regulated long-term maintenance |
| Where is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) produced? | The heart (also lower BP) |
| At the level of the capillary, what moves out of the blood stram into the surrounding tissue space (interstinum) | Water, oxygen, electrolytes, glucose |
| At the level of the capillary, waste products move from where to where? | From the interstinum into the capillary |
| Characteristics of capillaries | Thin walled w/ pores, numerous, slow blood flow |
| What happens during diffusion? | O2 to cells, waste to vessels |
| What happens during filtration? | H2O, glucose, electrolytes from blood vessels to tissue |
| What happens to during osmosis? | H2O from tissue to blood vessels and lymphatic vessels |
| Edema def. | The accumulation of fluid in interstitial space |
| Mechanisms of edema formation | Heart failure, severe burn, kidney disease, blocked lymphatic drainage |
| Mech for edema formation: heart failure | Pulmonary edema, pedal edema |
| Edema formation: severe burn | Excessive fluid build up in interstitial space |
| Edema formation: kidney disease | Excess execretion of albumin in the urine (albuminuria) results in the build up of fluis in the tissue space |
| What causes vasodilation of vessels of skin? | Temperature elevation |
| When body temp. increases more blood flows to skin thereby releasing: | Heat and lowering body temp |
| What causes vasoconstriction of vessels of skin? | Temp. decrease |
| When body temp. decreases less blood flows to skin thereby: | Diverting warm blood to core of body |
| What happens as walls of arties thicken with age? | Decreased blood flow and increased blood pressure |
| With age, as valves become less effective they become susceptible to: | Varicosities |
| As you age, roughening of the endothelial lining of vessels: | Increased blood clot formation |
| With age baroreceptors become less effective. This can result in: | Dizziness and falls |
| With age, increased capillary membrane permeability, there's increased: | Edema formation |
Created by:
CBaney
Popular Anatomy sets