MBC 100 The Language of Medicine, Ch. 6
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| abdominal ultrasonography | Sound waves are beamed into the abdomen and produce an image of abdominal viscera.
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| abdominoplasty | Surgical repair of the abdomen.
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| amylase and lipase tests | Tests for the levels of amylase (carbs) lipase (fats) enzymes in the blood.
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| aphthous stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers; canker sores.
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| atresia | Absence of a normal opening.
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| bariatric surgery | Reduction of stomach size an gastrojejunostomy
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| biliary atresia | Congenital absence of the opening from the common bile duct into the small intestine (duodenum).
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| bronchospasm | Involuntary contraction of the bronchus.
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| buccal | Pertaining to the cheek.
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| cecal volvulus | Abnormal twisting of the cecum (first part of the colon).
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| celiac disease | Autoimmune disorder in which villi in the lining of the small intestine are damaged, resulting from dietary glutens, such as wheat, barley and rye.
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| cheilosis | Abnormal condition of the lip.
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| cholangiectasis | Abnormal widening of dilation of a bile vessel (bile duct).
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| cholangiocarcinoma | Malignant tumor of bile vessel.
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| cholangitis | Inflammation of bile vessels.
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| cholangiography | X-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) using radiopaque contrast medium.
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| cholangiopancreatography | X-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) and the pancreas after administration of contrast material directly into bile and pancreatic ducts.
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| cholangitis | Inflammation of the bile duct.
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| cholecystectomy | Removal (excision, resection) of the gallbladder.
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| cholecystejejunostomy | Formation of a new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine); an anastomosis.
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| cholecystolithiasis | Abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder.
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| choledochal | Pertaining to the common bile duct.
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| choledochetasia | Dilation of the common bile duct.
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| cholelithiasis | Abnormal condition gallstone formation; in the gallbladder or in the common bile duct.
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| cholestasis | Stoppage of bile flow.
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| colectomy | Surgical removal (excision) of the colon (large intestine).
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| colonoscopy | Visual endoscopic examination of the colon.
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| computed tomography | Cross-sectional x-ray imaging of an organ (such as the brain or spinal cord), with or without contrast material.
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| dentalgia | Pain in a tooth.
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| diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.
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| duodenal | Pertaining to the duodenum.
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| dyspepsia | Painful digestion; indigestion.
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| dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing.
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| endoscopic ultrasonography | Insertion of an endoscope and use of ultrasound imaging to visualize the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
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| esophageal atresia | Congenital absence of the opening from the esophagus to the stomach.
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| gastric bypass | Reducing the size of the stomach by diverting food into the jejunum; gastrojejunostomy.
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| gastroententeritis | Inflammation of the stomach and intesines.
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| gastrointestinal endoscopy | Visual examination of the stomach and intestines (GI tract) using an endoscope.
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| gastrojejunostomy | New surgical connection (anastomosis) between the stomach and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine).
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| gastrorrhagia | Loss of blood from the stomach and jejunum.
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| gastrostomy | New opening of the stomach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body.
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| gingeivectomy | Removal of gum disease.
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| glossectomy | Removal of the tongue.
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| gluconeogenesis | Process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver.
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| glycogen | Storage for of glucose (sugar); it produces glucose when it is broken down (glycogenolysis) in liver cells.
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| hematemesis | Vomiting blood.
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| hemoptysis | Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract.
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| hemorrhage | Bursting forth or excessive flow of blood.
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| hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver.
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| herniorrhaphy | Suture (stitching or sewing up) a hernia.
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| HIDA scan | Radioactive imaging of the liver, gallbladder and intestine.
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| ileostomy | New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body.
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| labiodental | Pertaining to the lips and teeth.
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| laparoscopy | Process of visually examining the contents of the abdomen (using an endoscope).
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| lipase | Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
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| liver biopsy | Removal of liver tissue (percutaneous or through the skin) followed by microscopic examination.
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| liver function tests | finds the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood or serum.
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| lower gastrointestinal series | X-ray images of the colon and lower portion of the small intestine after injecting barium (radiopaque contrast material) into the rectum; barium enema.
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| magnetic resonance imaging | Magnetic waves and radio waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.
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| nasogastric intubation | Placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach.
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