unit 3 flashcards
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Help!
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| What are the five different types of bones? | long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
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| Periosteum: | outer enclosure of bone which is continuous with tendons and ligaments blood vessels; contains its own blood supply
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| Epiphysis: | ends of bone which is made up of spongy bone and compact bone. (covered in articular cartilage)
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| Diaphysis: | middle or body of bone
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| What is the difference between compact and spongy bone? | compact bone is cortical bone and is found on the outside layers of a bone. spongy bone is cancellous bone and is found inside a bone.
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| Osteocytes? Osteoclasts? Osteoblasts? | Osteocytes are bone cells that make up bone tissue. Osteoclasts break down bone tissue. Osteoblasts are bone building cells.
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| Stage 1 of Bone Fracture Healing; | ACUTE: bleeding, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, hematoma forms blood clot, fibrocartilage callus begins tissue repair. lasts about 4 days.
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| Stage 2 of Bone Fracture Healing: | REPAIR: osteoclasts and osteoblasts continue to work. fibrous callus forms as a splint forms on the inside and outside of bone. takes about 6 weeks to complete.
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| Stage 3 of Bone Fracture Healing: | REMODELING: callus is reabsorbed and replaced with a fibrous cord of bone around fracture site. takes several years to complete
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| Is a fracture a break? | YES!!!
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| Collagen: | strong, fibrous material with slight stretch. Dense and slightly extensible.
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| Elastin: | very elastic (stretchy) material
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| Extensibility: | the ability to stretch
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| Elasticity: | the ability to return to normal length after being stretched
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| skin layers: | 1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis
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| Muscle: | is both extensible and elastic. 3 types: smooth,, cardiac, and skeletal. while one muscle contracts the other relaxes. very elastic
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| Tendons: | connect muscle to bone. inelastic
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| Ligaments: | connect bone to bone. semi-elastic
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| Stage 1 of Soft Tissue Healing: | ACUTE RESPONSE/ REACTION: bleeding, fibroblasts, fibroclasts. lasts about 2 days.
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| Stage 2 of Soft Tissue Healing: | REPAIR & REGENERATION: skin rebuilds new tissue with scar tissue, the scar tissue is fibrous, inelastic, and non-vascular; making it less strong than the original material. lasts about 6-8 weeks.
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| Stage 3 of Soft Tissue Healing: | REMODELING: scar tissue becomes stronger and more elastic, fibroblasts continue to work. lasts up to a year to heal completely.
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| What is the difference between an open and closed fracture? | an open fracture is when the bone has gone through the skin. a closed fracture is when the bone is inside the skin (skin is not open).
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| What is the difference between a displaced and non-displaced fracture? | a displaced fracture is when the bone has shifted out of alignment. a non-displaced fracture is when the bone has NOT shifted out of alignment.
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| types of fractures part 1: | greenstick fracture: looks like a broken tree branch
transverse fracture: straight across fracture
oblique fracture: diagonal fracture
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| types of fractures part 2: | comminuted fracture: when the bone breaks in 3 or more places
impacted fracture: when the broken ends of the bone are jammed together
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| What is the difference between a sprain and a strain? | a sprain occurs with ligaments and bones and strains occurs with tendons and muscles.
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| Contusion (bruise): | blow to the body
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| What is the difference between afferent nerves and efferent nerves? | afferent nerves transmit info from the skin, muscle, tendons, and ligaments. efferent nerves transmit control signals to the muscles from the brain.
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| What are the 3 nerve injury symptoms? | Hypoesthesia: reduced sensation
Hyperesthesia: heightened sensation
Paresthesia: numbness, tingling, pickling
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| types of joints: | Synarthrosis: an immoveable joint, skull, pelvis
Amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable joint, vertebrae
Diarthrosis: freely moveable joint: shoulder, carpals, meta carpals, elbow, knee
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