The Respiratory System 14.1-14.2
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| Primary Function | Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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| Inspiration/Expiration | Breathing in/breathing out
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| Four Respiratory Actions | 1) Pulmonary ventilation 2) External respiration 3) Internal respiration 4) Transport of gases to and from lungs/tissue
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| Mucociliary escalator | The bodies use of ciliated tissue to direct mucous/contaminates toward the throat so they can be swallowed.
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| Parts of upper respiratory tract | Nasal cavities, pharynx, glottis, and larynx
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| Parts of lower respiratory tract | Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, and pulmonary capillaries
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| Nostrils | The two external openings in the nose.
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| Nasal cavities | The spaces in the nose that are separated by a central septum.
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| Nasal conchae | Ridges found inside of the nasal cavity to increase surface area.
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| Pharynx | The funnel-shaped passageway that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx. Three parts: laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, and the oropharynx.
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| Larynx | Noted by the Adam's apple, the larynx contains the vocal cords. The space between the vocal cords is known as the glottis.
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| Epiglottis | The flap of cartilage that covers glottis/larynx when food is swallowed.
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| Trachea (Windpipe) | The tube connecting the larynx to the primary bronchi. The trachea is supported by C-shaped cartilage rings.
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| Bronchi | The passageways that lead to the right or left lungs.
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| Bronchioles | Smaller passageways that branch off of bronchi. The bronchioles lead to the alveoli.
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| Alveoli | Small sacs or air pockets that are the site of gas exchange.
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| Pulmonary capillaries | Capillaries that surround alveoli to allow for gas exchange to occur.
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| Pleurae | The double layer serous membrane that covers each lung. These layers reduce friction between the lungs and the thoracic cavity.
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| Surfactant | A lipoprotein layer that reduced surface tension to ensure that lungs can return to their normal shape.
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