Chapter 6 - Muscular System (Anatomy)
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| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers
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| Buttocks | Gluteus Maximus
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| Chest Muscle | Pectoral Muscle
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| Anterior thigh muscle | Quadriceps femorals
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| Posterior thigh muscle | hamstring
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| Back Muscle | latissumus
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| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus
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| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched
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| Elasticity | ability to recoil back to the original length after being stretched
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| Produces Heat | Muscles
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| Epimysium | Surrounds the skeletal muscle
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| Fascia | Surrounds the epimysium
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| Muscle Fasciculi | bundles
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| Perimysium | Surrounds the fascicle
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| Muscle Fiber | a sing cylindrical, multi nuclei
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| Endomysium | surrounds fiber
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| Myofibrils | the cytoplasm of each fiber
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| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments
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| Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments
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| Sarcomeres | units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments
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| Sacromere | basic structural and functional unit
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| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge
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| motor nuerons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane
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| synapse | made from each branch connecting to the muscle
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| neuromuscular junction | synapse
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| motor unit | a single motor nueron
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| presynaptic terminal | an enlarged nerve terminal
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| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell
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| postsynaptic cleft | muscle fiber
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| synaptic vesicle | in each presynaptic terminal
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| acetylcholine | secrete a neurotransmitter
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| acetylcholinesterase | enzymes that release muscles cells
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| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin past myosin
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| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle
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| threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus
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| all-or-none response | when a muscle contracts maximally
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| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction
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| contraction phase | the time of contration
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| relaxation phase | the time during a muscles relaxes
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| tetany | where the muscle stays contracted and doesn't relax
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| recuritment | the increase in number of motor units
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| ATP | the need for energy for muscle contraction
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| ATP is produced _______. | in the mitochondria
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| ATP is ____. | Short-lived and unstable
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| creatine phosphate | can't stockpile ATP but can store other high-energy molecules
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| anaerobic respirtaion | without oxygen
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| aerobic respiration | with oxygen
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| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions
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| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction
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| isometric | the length of muscle does not change
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| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle
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| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body
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| fast-twitch fiber | contract quickly and fatigue quickly
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| slow-twitch fiber | contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue
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| oorigin | the most stationary end of the muscle
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| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the most movement
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| belly | between the head and insertion
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| synergists | muscles that work together to complete movement
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| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another
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| prime mover | a muscle that plays a major role in movement
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| occipitalfrontalis | raises eyebrows
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| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids
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| orbicunlaris oris | puckers lips
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| bussinator | flattens the cheeks
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| zygomaticus | smiling muscles
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| levator labii superioris | sneering
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| depressor anguli oris | frowning
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| pairs of muscles for cheeks | pterygoids, temporalis, massester
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| changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles
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| moves the tongue | extrensic tongue mucles
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| neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid
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| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover
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| Erector spinae | a group of muscles on each side of the back
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