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Chapter 6 - Muscles
Chapter 6 - Muscular System (Anatomy)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers |
Buttocks | Gluteus Maximus |
Chest Muscle | Pectoral Muscle |
Anterior thigh muscle | Quadriceps femorals |
Posterior thigh muscle | hamstring |
Back Muscle | latissumus |
Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
Elasticity | ability to recoil back to the original length after being stretched |
Produces Heat | Muscles |
Epimysium | Surrounds the skeletal muscle |
Fascia | Surrounds the epimysium |
Muscle Fasciculi | bundles |
Perimysium | Surrounds the fascicle |
Muscle Fiber | a sing cylindrical, multi nuclei |
Endomysium | surrounds fiber |
Myofibrils | the cytoplasm of each fiber |
Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
Sarcomeres | units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments |
Sacromere | basic structural and functional unit |
action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
motor nuerons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
synapse | made from each branch connecting to the muscle |
neuromuscular junction | synapse |
motor unit | a single motor nueron |
presynaptic terminal | an enlarged nerve terminal |
synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
postsynaptic cleft | muscle fiber |
synaptic vesicle | in each presynaptic terminal |
acetylcholine | secrete a neurotransmitter |
acetylcholinesterase | enzymes that release muscles cells |
sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin past myosin |
muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle |
threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus |
all-or-none response | when a muscle contracts maximally |
lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
contraction phase | the time of contration |
relaxation phase | the time during a muscles relaxes |
tetany | where the muscle stays contracted and doesn't relax |
recuritment | the increase in number of motor units |
ATP | the need for energy for muscle contraction |
ATP is produced _______. | in the mitochondria |
ATP is ____. | Short-lived and unstable |
creatine phosphate | can't stockpile ATP but can store other high-energy molecules |
anaerobic respirtaion | without oxygen |
aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction |
isometric | the length of muscle does not change |
isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle |
muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body |
fast-twitch fiber | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
slow-twitch fiber | contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
oorigin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the most movement |
belly | between the head and insertion |
synergists | muscles that work together to complete movement |
antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
prime mover | a muscle that plays a major role in movement |
occipitalfrontalis | raises eyebrows |
orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids |
orbicunlaris oris | puckers lips |
bussinator | flattens the cheeks |
zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
levator labii superioris | sneering |
depressor anguli oris | frowning |
pairs of muscles for cheeks | pterygoids, temporalis, massester |
changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
moves the tongue | extrensic tongue mucles |
neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
Erector spinae | a group of muscles on each side of the back |