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Chapter 6 - Muscles
Chapter 6 - Muscular System (Anatomy)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers |
| Buttocks | Gluteus Maximus |
| Chest Muscle | Pectoral Muscle |
| Anterior thigh muscle | Quadriceps femorals |
| Posterior thigh muscle | hamstring |
| Back Muscle | latissumus |
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil back to the original length after being stretched |
| Produces Heat | Muscles |
| Epimysium | Surrounds the skeletal muscle |
| Fascia | Surrounds the epimysium |
| Muscle Fasciculi | bundles |
| Perimysium | Surrounds the fascicle |
| Muscle Fiber | a sing cylindrical, multi nuclei |
| Endomysium | surrounds fiber |
| Myofibrils | the cytoplasm of each fiber |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| Sarcomeres | units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments |
| Sacromere | basic structural and functional unit |
| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor nuerons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| synapse | made from each branch connecting to the muscle |
| neuromuscular junction | synapse |
| motor unit | a single motor nueron |
| presynaptic terminal | an enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
| postsynaptic cleft | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicle | in each presynaptic terminal |
| acetylcholine | secrete a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | enzymes that release muscles cells |
| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin past myosin |
| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle |
| threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus |
| all-or-none response | when a muscle contracts maximally |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of contration |
| relaxation phase | the time during a muscles relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle stays contracted and doesn't relax |
| recuritment | the increase in number of motor units |
| ATP | the need for energy for muscle contraction |
| ATP is produced _______. | in the mitochondria |
| ATP is ____. | Short-lived and unstable |
| creatine phosphate | can't stockpile ATP but can store other high-energy molecules |
| anaerobic respirtaion | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction |
| isometric | the length of muscle does not change |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body |
| fast-twitch fiber | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow-twitch fiber | contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
| oorigin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the most movement |
| belly | between the head and insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to complete movement |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | a muscle that plays a major role in movement |
| occipitalfrontalis | raises eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids |
| orbicunlaris oris | puckers lips |
| bussinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| pairs of muscles for cheeks | pterygoids, temporalis, massester |
| changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| moves the tongue | extrensic tongue mucles |
| neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Erector spinae | a group of muscles on each side of the back |
Created by:
adamspaulding