SSCT Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 1, 2
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| Anatomy | Study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
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| Physiology | Study of the functions of living organisms and thier parts.
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| Tissue | On organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function.
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| Organ | Group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that they can together act as a unit to perform a special function.
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| System | an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that they can together perform complex functions for the body.
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| Anatomical Position | body erect or standing posture, arms at sides, palms turned forward, head and feet facing forward.
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| Supine Position | body lying face upward
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| Prone Position | body lying face downward
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| Superior | Toward the head, upper or above.
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| Inferior | Toward the feet, lower, or below. Away from the head.
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| Anterior | front or in front of (aka ventral)
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| Posterior | Back or in back of (aka dorsal)
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| Ventral | toward the belly
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| Medial | toward the midline
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| Lateral | toward the side of the body or away from its midline
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| Proximal | toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts. (close to attachment)
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| Distal | away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part (away from attachment)
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| Superficial | nearer the surface (toward surface)
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| Deep | farther away from the body surface (away from surface)
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| Sagittal Plane | lengthwise plane running from front to back. Divides the body or any of it's parts into right & left sides.
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| Midsagittal Plane | divides the body into two equal halves.
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| Frontal Plane | lengthwise plane running from side to side. Divides body into anterior (front) or posterior (back)
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| Transverse Plane | horizontal or crosswise plane. Divides the body into upper and lower portions. (top and bottom half)
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| Ventral Cavity | Includes Thoracic, mediastinum and abdominal cavities.
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| Upper Ventral Cavity | contains the thoracic cavity and pleural cavities
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| Lower Ventral Cavity | contains the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. Also known as the abdomino-pelvic cavity.
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| Diaphragm | seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
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| Dissection | Cutting Technique used to separate body parts for study.
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| Scientific Method | Any logical and systematic approach to discovering principles of nature, of involving testing of tentative explanations called hypothese
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| Scientific Method | observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory, law
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| Dorsal | Toward the back (opposite of ventral)
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| 2 Major body cavities | Ventral & Dorsal
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| 2 major portions or compenents of the body | Axial & Appendicular
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| Homeostasis | Relative uniformity of the normal bodys internal environment (i.e. normal body function)
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| Atrophy | Wasting away of tissue decrease in size of a part
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| Appendicular | Upper & lower extremeties of the body (i.e. arms, shoulders, hips, legs)
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| Axial | Portion that consists of the head, neck, and torso
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| Positive feedback loop | Amplifies a change in environment. (i.e. childbirth, bloodclot)
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| Negative feedback loop | Oppose of or negate a change in a controlled condition or reverse a change back to normal. (i.e. Shivering)
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| Sensor | Detects changes to environment (i.e. temperature)
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| Effector | Creates the change to correct environment (i.e. furnace)
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| Control Center | Compares actual environment to normal environment and responds accordingly
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| Experimentation | Performing an experiment which usually a test of a tentative expanation of nature called a hypothesis
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| Hypothesis | A proposal explanation of an observed phenomenon
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| Threory (law) | An explanation of a Scientific principle that has been tested experimentally and found to be true.
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| Nucleas | Core of each atom composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons
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| Proton | Positively charged particle within the nucleas of an atom
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| Neutron | Electrically neutral particle within the nuclease of an atom.
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| Atomic number | Total number of protons in an atoms nucleas
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| Atomic Mass | Combined total number of protons & neutrons in an atom
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| Energy Level | Regions surrounding atomic nucleus
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| Element | Pure Substance composed of only one type of atom
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| Electron | Negatively charged particle orbiting the nuclease of an atom
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| Molecule | Particles of matter that are composed of one or smaller units called atom's
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| Compound | Substance whose molecules have more than one kind of element (atom) in them
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| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond formed by the positive-negative attraction between two ions. Gives and accepts electrons
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| Electrolyte | Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water
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| Covalent Bond | formed when atoms share electrons by overlapping their energy levels. Share electrons.
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| Cholesterol | Steriod lipid found in all body cell membranes and in animal fat present in food
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| Chemical Reaction | Interaction among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations
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| Carbohydrate | Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in certain specific proportions. i.e. sugars, starches & cellulose
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| Base | A chemical that when dissolved in water reduces the relative concentration of the H+ ions in the whole solution
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| Atherosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries
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| Biochemistry | Study of the chemical aspects of life
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| Dissociate | When a compound breaks apart in a solution
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| Double Helix | Shape of DNA molecules a double spiral
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| Enzyme | Help a chemical reaction occur but are not reactants or products themselves
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| Isotope | Two atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses
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| Inorganic Compound | Compound whose molecules do not contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
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| Hydrolysis | Chemical reaction in which water is added to a large molecule causing it to break apart into smaller molecules
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| Glycogen | Polysaccaride made up of a chain of glucose molecules i.e. animal starch
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| Lock & Key model | Concept that explains how molecules react when they fit together
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| Lipid | Fats and oils
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| Fat | solid at room temp
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| Oil | liquid at room temp
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| pH | Mathematical expression of relative H+ concentration (acidity)
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| Radioactive Isotope | An isotope that emits radiation
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| Reactant | Any substance entering (and being changed by) a chemical reaction
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| Solute | Substance that dissolves into another substance (salt is the solute dissolved in water)
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| Solvent | Substance in which other substances are dissolved (water is the solvent for salt)
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| Triglyceride | Lipid molecules formed by a glycerol unit joined to three fatty acids
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| Peptide Bond | Covalent bond linking amino acids within a protein molecule
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| Organic Compound | Compound whose large molecules contain carbon and that include C-C bonds and/or C-H bonds
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| Orbital | A limit that electrons move about. Can hold two electrons
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| Nucleic Acid | Made up of nucleotide units. Ultimately direct overall body structure and function
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| Nucleotide | Basic building blocks of nucleic acids
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| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass
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| Atom | Smallest particle of a pure substance that still has the chemical properties of that substance (composed of protons, electrons, neutrons)
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| Alkaline | Any substance that, when dissolved in water, contributes to an excess of OH-ions (creating high PH)
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| Amino Acid | Catagory of chemical units from which protein molecules are built
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| Aqueous Solution | liquid mixture in which water is the solvent (i.e. saltwater - water is the solvent)
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| Phospholipid | Phosate containing fat molecule found in cell membranes
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| Product | Any substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction
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| Protein | Very large molecules composed of basic units called amino acids
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| Dehydration Synthesis | Chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller molecules and joining them together
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| Intermediate | Between two structures of the body
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| Observation | previous experiments
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| Hypothesis | a reasonable guess based on observations and experiments
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| Experimentation | testing the hypothesis
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| Theory (Law) | a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
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| Dorsal Body Cavity | Cranial Cavity (brain) and Spinal Cavity (Spinal Cord)
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| Mediastinum | Trachea, Heart, blood vessels
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| Pleural Cavity | Lungs
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| Abdominal Cavity | liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, parts of the large intestine
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| Pelvic Cavity | lower colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
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| Cranial Cavity | Brain
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| Spinal Cavity | Spinal Cord
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| Ventral Cavity | Thoracic Cavity and abdominal cavity
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| Dorsal Cavity | Cranial Cavity and Spinal Cavity
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| Thoracic Cavity | Mediastinum and Pleural Cavities
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| Homeostasis | relative constancy of the internal environment
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