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SSCT Intro to A&P
SSCT Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 1, 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts. |
| Physiology | Study of the functions of living organisms and thier parts. |
| Tissue | On organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function. |
| Organ | Group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that they can together act as a unit to perform a special function. |
| System | an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that they can together perform complex functions for the body. |
| Anatomical Position | body erect or standing posture, arms at sides, palms turned forward, head and feet facing forward. |
| Supine Position | body lying face upward |
| Prone Position | body lying face downward |
| Superior | Toward the head, upper or above. |
| Inferior | Toward the feet, lower, or below. Away from the head. |
| Anterior | front or in front of (aka ventral) |
| Posterior | Back or in back of (aka dorsal) |
| Ventral | toward the belly |
| Medial | toward the midline |
| Lateral | toward the side of the body or away from its midline |
| Proximal | toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts. (close to attachment) |
| Distal | away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part (away from attachment) |
| Superficial | nearer the surface (toward surface) |
| Deep | farther away from the body surface (away from surface) |
| Sagittal Plane | lengthwise plane running from front to back. Divides the body or any of it's parts into right & left sides. |
| Midsagittal Plane | divides the body into two equal halves. |
| Frontal Plane | lengthwise plane running from side to side. Divides body into anterior (front) or posterior (back) |
| Transverse Plane | horizontal or crosswise plane. Divides the body into upper and lower portions. (top and bottom half) |
| Ventral Cavity | Includes Thoracic, mediastinum and abdominal cavities. |
| Upper Ventral Cavity | contains the thoracic cavity and pleural cavities |
| Lower Ventral Cavity | contains the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. Also known as the abdomino-pelvic cavity. |
| Diaphragm | seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. |
| Dissection | Cutting Technique used to separate body parts for study. |
| Scientific Method | Any logical and systematic approach to discovering principles of nature, of involving testing of tentative explanations called hypothese |
| Scientific Method | observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory, law |
| Dorsal | Toward the back (opposite of ventral) |
| 2 Major body cavities | Ventral & Dorsal |
| 2 major portions or compenents of the body | Axial & Appendicular |
| Homeostasis | Relative uniformity of the normal bodys internal environment (i.e. normal body function) |
| Atrophy | Wasting away of tissue decrease in size of a part |
| Appendicular | Upper & lower extremeties of the body (i.e. arms, shoulders, hips, legs) |
| Axial | Portion that consists of the head, neck, and torso |
| Positive feedback loop | Amplifies a change in environment. (i.e. childbirth, bloodclot) |
| Negative feedback loop | Oppose of or negate a change in a controlled condition or reverse a change back to normal. (i.e. Shivering) |
| Sensor | Detects changes to environment (i.e. temperature) |
| Effector | Creates the change to correct environment (i.e. furnace) |
| Control Center | Compares actual environment to normal environment and responds accordingly |
| Experimentation | Performing an experiment which usually a test of a tentative expanation of nature called a hypothesis |
| Hypothesis | A proposal explanation of an observed phenomenon |
| Threory (law) | An explanation of a Scientific principle that has been tested experimentally and found to be true. |
| Nucleas | Core of each atom composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons |
| Proton | Positively charged particle within the nucleas of an atom |
| Neutron | Electrically neutral particle within the nuclease of an atom. |
| Atomic number | Total number of protons in an atoms nucleas |
| Atomic Mass | Combined total number of protons & neutrons in an atom |
| Energy Level | Regions surrounding atomic nucleus |
| Element | Pure Substance composed of only one type of atom |
| Electron | Negatively charged particle orbiting the nuclease of an atom |
| Molecule | Particles of matter that are composed of one or smaller units called atom's |
| Compound | Substance whose molecules have more than one kind of element (atom) in them |
| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond formed by the positive-negative attraction between two ions. Gives and accepts electrons |
| Electrolyte | Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water |
| Covalent Bond | formed when atoms share electrons by overlapping their energy levels. Share electrons. |
| Cholesterol | Steriod lipid found in all body cell membranes and in animal fat present in food |
| Chemical Reaction | Interaction among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations |
| Carbohydrate | Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in certain specific proportions. i.e. sugars, starches & cellulose |
| Base | A chemical that when dissolved in water reduces the relative concentration of the H+ ions in the whole solution |
| Atherosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries |
| Biochemistry | Study of the chemical aspects of life |
| Dissociate | When a compound breaks apart in a solution |
| Double Helix | Shape of DNA molecules a double spiral |
| Enzyme | Help a chemical reaction occur but are not reactants or products themselves |
| Isotope | Two atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses |
| Inorganic Compound | Compound whose molecules do not contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds |
| Hydrolysis | Chemical reaction in which water is added to a large molecule causing it to break apart into smaller molecules |
| Glycogen | Polysaccaride made up of a chain of glucose molecules i.e. animal starch |
| Lock & Key model | Concept that explains how molecules react when they fit together |
| Lipid | Fats and oils |
| Fat | solid at room temp |
| Oil | liquid at room temp |
| pH | Mathematical expression of relative H+ concentration (acidity) |
| Radioactive Isotope | An isotope that emits radiation |
| Reactant | Any substance entering (and being changed by) a chemical reaction |
| Solute | Substance that dissolves into another substance (salt is the solute dissolved in water) |
| Solvent | Substance in which other substances are dissolved (water is the solvent for salt) |
| Triglyceride | Lipid molecules formed by a glycerol unit joined to three fatty acids |
| Peptide Bond | Covalent bond linking amino acids within a protein molecule |
| Organic Compound | Compound whose large molecules contain carbon and that include C-C bonds and/or C-H bonds |
| Orbital | A limit that electrons move about. Can hold two electrons |
| Nucleic Acid | Made up of nucleotide units. Ultimately direct overall body structure and function |
| Nucleotide | Basic building blocks of nucleic acids |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
| Atom | Smallest particle of a pure substance that still has the chemical properties of that substance (composed of protons, electrons, neutrons) |
| Alkaline | Any substance that, when dissolved in water, contributes to an excess of OH-ions (creating high PH) |
| Amino Acid | Catagory of chemical units from which protein molecules are built |
| Aqueous Solution | liquid mixture in which water is the solvent (i.e. saltwater - water is the solvent) |
| Phospholipid | Phosate containing fat molecule found in cell membranes |
| Product | Any substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| Protein | Very large molecules composed of basic units called amino acids |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller molecules and joining them together |
| Intermediate | Between two structures of the body |
| Observation | previous experiments |
| Hypothesis | a reasonable guess based on observations and experiments |
| Experimentation | testing the hypothesis |
| Theory (Law) | a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | Cranial Cavity (brain) and Spinal Cavity (Spinal Cord) |
| Mediastinum | Trachea, Heart, blood vessels |
| Pleural Cavity | Lungs |
| Abdominal Cavity | liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, parts of the large intestine |
| Pelvic Cavity | lower colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs |
| Cranial Cavity | Brain |
| Spinal Cavity | Spinal Cord |
| Ventral Cavity | Thoracic Cavity and abdominal cavity |
| Dorsal Cavity | Cranial Cavity and Spinal Cavity |
| Thoracic Cavity | Mediastinum and Pleural Cavities |
| Homeostasis | relative constancy of the internal environment |
Created by:
dmdisme
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