The Reformation and Religious Wars
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| Protestant Reformation | Religious revolution started by Luther, separated Catholics from Protestants permanently
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| Christian Humanism | Intellectual movement that took Italian Renaissance and humanist ideas and combined them with Christian thought
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| Erasmus | Christian humanist that sought to reform the Church by translating the Bible and pointing out corruption of the Catholic Church
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| Martin Luther | A monk who wanted to reform the church but ended up breaking from it, posted the 95 Theses in Wittenburg because of indulgences
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| Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Grandson of Maximilian who wanted to preserve his dynasty's control over the empire and Catholic unity in Europe
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| Anabaptists | Radical sect of Christianity whose followers believed that their religion should be voluntary and in separation of church and state
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| Henry VIII | English king who wanted a divorce with Catherine of Aragon and split with the Catholic Church to do so, one of the 'New Monarchs'
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| John Calvin | Second generation reformer that wished to completely reform the church from the ground up, sovereignty of God and predestination
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| Catholic Reformation | Revived bets features of Medieval Catholicism and adjusted them to modern times, in response to Protestant Reformation
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| Jesuit Order | Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, an educated order used by the Catholics to fight Protestantism and spread Catholicism
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| Council of Trent | Council of high church officials that reaffirmed Catholic doctrine when faced by Protestantism
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| French Wars of Religion | Civil wars in France between 1562-1598, Catholics against Huguenots
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| Elizabeth I | Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, politique, cautious and careful in decisions on religion and foreign policy
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| Spanish Armada | Spanish Fleet sent to England because of English involvement in the Netherlands, defeated by the English
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| Sir Thomas More | Christian humanist and lord chancellor in England, executed by Henry VIII, author of "Utopia"
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| Indulgences | Pieces of paper once sold by the Catholic Church to guarantee people less time in Purgatory
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| Nepotism | Giving Catholic positions to family members
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| Simony | The selling of sacred objects
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| Pluralism | Holding more than one position in the church
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| Absenteeism | Not being present in your positions in the Church
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| Peace of Augsburg(1555) | Signed by Catholic Church and German princes, legitimized Lutheranism and "His Region, His Religion"
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| St, Teresa of Avila | Spainish nun who experienced mystical visions from God and those experiences led her to an active life in Catholicism
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| Ursulines | A missionary order of nuns
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| Roman Inquisition | Established to combat heresy and reassure Catholic doctrine
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| Index of Forbidden Books | A list of book banned by the Catholic Church, mostly Protestant books
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| Spanish Inquisition | The most active of the Inquisitions, purged Jews and Muslims out of Spain during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella
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| Huguenots | French Calvinists, around 40-50% of nobility
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| Puritans | English Protestants who wished to remove all traces of Catholicism from the Church of England, different than Seperatists
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| Catherine de Medici | Queen of France and regent for her sons, looked for religious compromise in French wars of Religion, politique
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| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | August 24, several thousand Huguenots died when attending a wedding supposed to end the struggle
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| War of the Three Henrys | Struggle between Henry III, King of France, Henry Guise and Henry of Navarre. The King sided with Henry of Navarre, Protestant
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| Henry IV of France | Henry of Navarre, converted to Catholicism when gained the throne, officially ended wars
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| Edict of Nantes(1598) | Ended the French wars of Religion, granted Huguenots the rights to worship in France
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| Phillip II | King of Spain, strictly Catholic king and wanted to make Spain a dominate power, bad relations with Elizabeth I
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| Women as preachers | A Protestant idea that started during the Reformation, but did not fully develop then
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