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Chapter 13 Terms
The Reformation and Religious Wars
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Protestant Reformation | Religious revolution started by Luther, separated Catholics from Protestants permanently |
| Christian Humanism | Intellectual movement that took Italian Renaissance and humanist ideas and combined them with Christian thought |
| Erasmus | Christian humanist that sought to reform the Church by translating the Bible and pointing out corruption of the Catholic Church |
| Martin Luther | A monk who wanted to reform the church but ended up breaking from it, posted the 95 Theses in Wittenburg because of indulgences |
| Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Grandson of Maximilian who wanted to preserve his dynasty's control over the empire and Catholic unity in Europe |
| Anabaptists | Radical sect of Christianity whose followers believed that their religion should be voluntary and in separation of church and state |
| Henry VIII | English king who wanted a divorce with Catherine of Aragon and split with the Catholic Church to do so, one of the 'New Monarchs' |
| John Calvin | Second generation reformer that wished to completely reform the church from the ground up, sovereignty of God and predestination |
| Catholic Reformation | Revived bets features of Medieval Catholicism and adjusted them to modern times, in response to Protestant Reformation |
| Jesuit Order | Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, an educated order used by the Catholics to fight Protestantism and spread Catholicism |
| Council of Trent | Council of high church officials that reaffirmed Catholic doctrine when faced by Protestantism |
| French Wars of Religion | Civil wars in France between 1562-1598, Catholics against Huguenots |
| Elizabeth I | Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, politique, cautious and careful in decisions on religion and foreign policy |
| Spanish Armada | Spanish Fleet sent to England because of English involvement in the Netherlands, defeated by the English |
| Sir Thomas More | Christian humanist and lord chancellor in England, executed by Henry VIII, author of "Utopia" |
| Indulgences | Pieces of paper once sold by the Catholic Church to guarantee people less time in Purgatory |
| Nepotism | Giving Catholic positions to family members |
| Simony | The selling of sacred objects |
| Pluralism | Holding more than one position in the church |
| Absenteeism | Not being present in your positions in the Church |
| Peace of Augsburg(1555) | Signed by Catholic Church and German princes, legitimized Lutheranism and "His Region, His Religion" |
| St, Teresa of Avila | Spainish nun who experienced mystical visions from God and those experiences led her to an active life in Catholicism |
| Ursulines | A missionary order of nuns |
| Roman Inquisition | Established to combat heresy and reassure Catholic doctrine |
| Index of Forbidden Books | A list of book banned by the Catholic Church, mostly Protestant books |
| Spanish Inquisition | The most active of the Inquisitions, purged Jews and Muslims out of Spain during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists, around 40-50% of nobility |
| Puritans | English Protestants who wished to remove all traces of Catholicism from the Church of England, different than Seperatists |
| Catherine de Medici | Queen of France and regent for her sons, looked for religious compromise in French wars of Religion, politique |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | August 24, several thousand Huguenots died when attending a wedding supposed to end the struggle |
| War of the Three Henrys | Struggle between Henry III, King of France, Henry Guise and Henry of Navarre. The King sided with Henry of Navarre, Protestant |
| Henry IV of France | Henry of Navarre, converted to Catholicism when gained the throne, officially ended wars |
| Edict of Nantes(1598) | Ended the French wars of Religion, granted Huguenots the rights to worship in France |
| Phillip II | King of Spain, strictly Catholic king and wanted to make Spain a dominate power, bad relations with Elizabeth I |
| Women as preachers | A Protestant idea that started during the Reformation, but did not fully develop then |
Created by:
Alex_Hayes
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