The Renaissance
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| Renaissnace | The "rebirth" of classical culture that occurred in Italy between 1350 and 1550; era of new intellectual thought and political and artistic change
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| Northern Renaissance | Term used to describe a Renaissance in Europe anywhere other than Italy(Low Countries), spread of humanist ideas; new religious interpretation and led into Reformation
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| Humanism | Intellectual movement in Renaissance Italy based on the study of Greek and Roman classics, gave importance to secularism and individualism
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| Secularism | Movement in Renaissance, directed away from other worldliness and towards life on Earth
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| Individualism | Emphasis on and interest in the unique traits of each person; made people believe their life took precedence
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| Civic Humanism | Intellectual movement of the Italian Renaissance that saw Cicero as the ideal and held that humanists should use their training in government
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| Printing Press | A machine used to print text or pictures, invented between 1445-1450; spread ideas across Europe faster
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| Secular | Belief in separation of government institutions from religious ones; gave church less political power
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| Protestant Reformation | Religious revolution initiated by Luther, schism of Catholics and Protestants
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| Patronage of the Arts | Supporting/ giving money to certain artists or those who work in the arts; encouraged artists to keep creating
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| Niccolo Machiavelli | Italian diplomat/politician and writer after his exile in 1512, author of "The Prince
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| Lorenzo Valla | Roman papal secretary, proved the "Donation of Constantine" a forgery, author of "The Elegances of the Latin Language"
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| Marsalis Ficino | Leader of Florentine Platonic Academy and translator of Plato's works
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| Pico Della Mirandola | Italian Hermetic/magi, pupil of Ficino, author of "Oration on the Dignity of Man"
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| Leonardo Bruni | Florentine humanist, chancellor, and author of "The New Cicero"
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| Jean Bodin | Late sixteenth century political theorist
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| Baldassare Castiglione | Italian writer and author of "The Book of the Courtier", proper social graces for nobles
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| Francesco Guicciardini | Italian historian, humanist, and author of 2 prominent history works of Italy and Florence
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| Michelangelo | Painter, sculptor and architect of the High Renaissance, painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
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| Donatello | Florentine sculptor that studied his trade in Rome
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| Raphael | Italian painter in the High Renaissance, painted 'The School of Athens'
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| Leon Battista Alberti | Florentine humanist and architect
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| Filipo Brunelleschi | Renaissance architect that reintroduced the dome to the Italians and built Il Duomo
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| Leonardo Da Vinci | High Renaissance artist and scientist; painted 'The Mona Lisa'
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| Jan Van Eyck | Northern Renaissance artist, one of the first artists to use oil paint
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| Pieter Brughel the Elder | Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painter
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| Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain | Monarchs of Spain, unified Spain under authority by purging minorities and controlling the Church
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| Star Chamber | Court established by Henry VIII that did not use juries and could use torture to get confessions
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