Quick & Easy MT Ch 9 The Digestive System
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| Alimentation | process of providing nutrition for the body
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| ingestion | oral taking of substances into the body
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| digestion | mechanical and chemical conversion of food into parts that can be absorbed by the cells
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| absorption | digested food molecules pass through the lining of the intestine into the blood
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| elimination | removal of undigested food particles
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| defecation | elimination of waste out of the anus
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| -ation | action or process
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| bil/i | bile
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| chol/e | bile
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| cirrh/o | orange-yellow
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| de- | down, from, reversing, or removing
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| glycos/o | sugar
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| -orexia | appetite
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| -pepsia | digestion
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| vag/o | vagus nerve
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| viscer/o | viscera
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| cheil/o | lips
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| dent/i | teeth
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| dent/o | teeth
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| odont/o | teeth
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| ginigiv/o | gums
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| gloss/o | tongue
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| lingu/o | tongue
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| or/o | mouth
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| stomat/o | mouth
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| intestin/o | intestines
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| enter/o | intestines
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| ile/o | ileum
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| col/o | colon
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| colon/o | colon
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| append/o | appendix
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| appendic/o | appendix
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| cec/o | cecum
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| proct/o | anus or rectum
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| rect/o | rectum
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| an/o | anus
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| gingiva | gums
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| lingual | pertaining to the tongue
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| sublingual | underneath the tongue
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| gastric | pertaining to the stomach
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| gastralgia | stomach pain
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| gastrodynia | stomach pain
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| gastroenterology | study of stomach, intestines and associated structures
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| gastroenterologist | physician who specializes in stomach, intestines and associated structures
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| sigmoindoscopy | examination of the sigmoid colon with an instrument for illumination
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| choledochal | pertaining to the common bile duct
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| insulin | hormone that regulates the blood sugar level
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| pancreas | organ that produces insulin
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| choledoch/o | common bile duct
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| hepat/o | liver
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| sial/o | salivary gland
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| cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones
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| jaundice | characterized by yellowing of the skin, whites of the eyes, mucous membranes and body fluids as a result of deposition of bile pigment.
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| choledocholithiasis | gallstone in the common bile duct
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| endoscopy | visual examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum
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| colonscopy | visual examination of the colon
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| endoscope | instrument used for endoscopy, colonoscopy
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| Diabetes Mellitus | disease that results from resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion
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| hyperglycemia | increased blood sugar
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| polyphagia | excessive hunger
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| polyuria | excessive urination
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| polydispsia | excessive thirst
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| glycosuria | glucose in urine
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| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar
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| hyperlipidemia | excessive lipids in blood (fat)
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| hyperemesis | excessive vomiting
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| dehydration | output of body fluid exceeds fluid intake
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| diarrhea | watery discharge through anus
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| anorexia | loss of appetite for food
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| emaciation | excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
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| anorexia nervosa | prolonged refusal to eat that results in emaciation
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| bulimia | episodes of binge eating that often terminate in self induced vomiting
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| malabsorption syndrome | complex of symptoms that include anorexia, weight loss, flatulence, muscle cramps and bone pain.
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| flatulence | excessive gas in the stomach and intestinal tract that leads to bloating (fart)
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| cirrhosis | chronic liver disease char by degeneration of liver cells
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| hepatotoxic | toxic or destructive to the liver
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| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile ducts
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| eupepsia | normal digestion
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| dyspepsia | bad digestion
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| hernia | a protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity that contains it.
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | backflow of the stomach contents into the esophagus
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| gastrocele | herniation of the stomach
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| dysphagia | difficult or painful swallowing
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| esophageal varices | complex of enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
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| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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| ulcer | a lesion of the mucous membrane, accompanied by the sloughing of dead tissue
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| appendicitis | inflammation of the vermiform appendix
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| diverticulitis | inflammation of a diverticulum (small sac or pouch in the wall of an organ) in the intestinal tract
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| duodenitis | inflammation of the duodenum
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| enterostasis | stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine
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| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | abnormal increased motility of the intestines (bloating, diarrhea, flatulence)
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder
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| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| anorexiant | appetite-suppressing drug
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| gastroplasty | stomach surgery (for obesity)
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| antidiarrheal | medication to treat diarrhea
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| antiemetic | medication to treat vomiting
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| laxative | medication to treat constipaton
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| appendectomy | surgery to remove appendix
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| cholecystectomy | surgery to remove gallbladder
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| colostomy | creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out to the surface
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| anastomosis | surgical joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate
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| ileostomy | creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
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| stoma | surgically created opening on the abdominal wall
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| laproscopy | examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall (visual inspection)
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| Endoscope | Visual exam of a cavity using a special scope
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| Gastralgia/ gastrodynia | Pain in the stomach
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| Bile- what is it? | made by liver, stored in gallbladder and breaks down fats
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| malnutrition | Stomach not absorbing nutrients. Bad nutrition
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| Nasogastric (tube) | Pertaining to nose and stomach
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