Linguistic terms for NIC Written exam
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| show | The meaning of a word or sentence depends upon the aspects of the context in which it is used. Example: time, place, relationship with other person etc.
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| show | The meaningful arrangement of words into grammatically correct phrases or sentences.
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| show | The study of the meaning of words and sentences and the way in which languages structure meaning.
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| show | The absolute smallest unit of language that can change the meaning of a word/sign. English: sound. ASL: 5 parameters of a sign.
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| show | Smallest unit of meaningful language.
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| Free Morpheme | show 🗑
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| show | Morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to have meaning.
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| Lexical Item | show 🗑
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| Superordinates | show 🗑
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| Discourse | show 🗑
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| show | Handshape, Location, Movement, Palm Orientation, and Non-manual Signals.
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| show | Movement determines which concept is meant. The way in which nouns and verbs are related. Example: SIT and CHAIR.
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| Symmetry Condition | show 🗑
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| Passive Hand Condition | show 🗑
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| show | If a two-handed sign has two different handshapes, then the handshape of the passive hand is restricted to B,A,S,C,O,1 or 5.
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| English Modality | show 🗑
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| show | Visual/Spacial modality fosters use of spatial regerencing and restricts use of functional elements - utterances made up primarily of content elements.
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| show | Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). Linear rather than simultaneous.
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| ASL Grammatical Structure | show 🗑
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| English Time/Tense Markers | show 🗑
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| ASL Time/Tense Markers | show 🗑
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| English Negation/Affirmation | show 🗑
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| ASL Negation/Affirmation | show 🗑
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| English Affect Markers | show 🗑
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| show | Generally conveyed visually via facial markers and sign modulations, although affect signs may be signed with accompanying facial markers.
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| show | Uses prepositions, most often occur before the noun: Under, beneath, behind, above etc.
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| show | Adjectives are usually added - usually preceding the noun.
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| show | Adverbs are added to the verb: Slowly, quickly, rapidly etc.
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| ASL Noun/Verb Modifier ((Describing relationship of noun to another noun) | show 🗑
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| ASL Noun/Verb Modifier (Description of a noun) | show 🗑
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| show | Adverbs sometimes signed but more frequently conveys this information by modifying the way the verb is produced and by using specific non-manual markers which indicate adverbial information.
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| English Pronouns | show 🗑
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| ASL Pronouns | show 🗑
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| English Numbers | show 🗑
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| show | Multiple numbering systems for various topic areas
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| English Voice | show 🗑
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| show | Uses primarily active voice.
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| show | Used freguently, marked by vocal intonation and a specfic group of lexical items (if/then) and the "if" portion of a conditional statement may either precede or follow the consequence.
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| ASL Conditionals | show 🗑
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| show | Frozen, formal, consultative, informal and intimate.
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| show | Turn-taking and interaction, Complexity/completeness of sentence structure, Choice of vocabulary, Volume of speech/size of signs, Rate and Clairty of speech/signs, Speaker goals, Use of fillers and hesitations and allowable topics of discussion.
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| show | A text that is the same each time it is stated (Ex: the Lord's Prayer, the national anthem, a Robert Frost poem).
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| show | Generally found in situations where there is one speaker (at a time) and a group of listeners; virtually no turn-taking interaction; marked by physical or psychological distance (Church sermon or class lecture)
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| Consultative Linguistic Register | show 🗑
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| Informal Linguistic Register | show 🗑
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| Intimate Linguistic Register | show 🗑
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| show | The study of the sound system of language. How particular sounds used in each language form an integrated system for encoding information and how such systems differ from one language to another.
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| Morphology | show 🗑
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| show | How language and its use is shaped by a society or culture.
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| show | When language can be understood in several ways.
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| Lexicon | show 🗑
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