Words And Meanings
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| Afferent Nerves | Also known as sensory nerves; conduct impulses toward the Central Nervous System.
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| Alzheimer's Disease | Progressive neurological disorder of unknown etiology, charecterized by memory loss; impaired judgment, impaired orientation.
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| Anaesthesia | Without feeling; loss of sensation.
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| Analgesics | Agents that relieve pain by inhibiting the passage of pain impulses.
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| ANS | Autonomic Nervous System - one of the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System which conveys impulses to glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles (involuntary functions).
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| Anticonvulsants | Medications which are seizure suppressants.
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| Antidepressants | Medications used to alleviate mental depression.
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| Aphasia | Inability to speak.
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| Arachnoid Membrane | Middle layer covering the brain, between the dura mater and pia mater.
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| Astrocytes | Star-shaped neuroglia, which forms the blood-brain barrier, allowing only small molecules to be transferred from the blood to the brain.
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| Ataxia | Irregularity of movement due to defective muscle control. Lack of muscle coordination.
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| Axon | A long, single projection that transmits impulses from the cell body.
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| Bell's Palsy | Facial paralysis due to 7th cranial nerve disorder.
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| Brainstem | Major section of the brain that serves as a pathway for impulse conduction between the brain and the spinal cord; made up of medulla, pons and midbrain.
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| Catatonic | Stuporous or unresponsiveness; inability to move or talk.
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| Cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain; occupies the back of the brain; refines the movement when the cerebrum initiates muscular movement; aids in maintaining equilibrium. Motor, sensory and association.
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| Cerebrum | Largest and uppermost portion of the brain whose major functions include sensory perception and interpretation, muscular movement, and emotional aspects of behaviour and memory.
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| Cisternal Puncture | A spinal puncture at the base of the brain to extract spinal fluid or inject medication.
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| CNS | Central Nervous System - includes the brain and spinal cord.
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| Coma | Abnormal, deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary responses to stimuli.
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| Concussion | Injury resulting from impact of the brain with an object. Transient loss off deep consciousness.
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| Convulsion | Onset of involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations.
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| CP | Cerebral Palsy - a disease involving dysfunction of the cerebrum which is involved with sensory perception, muscular movement, and emotional aspects of memory and behaviour.
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| Craniotomy | Incision into the skull.
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| CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid
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| CT Scan | Computerized Tomography Scan-a radiographic examination which demonstrates the area in segments of depth; with computer-generated results
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| Dendrites | Branching cytoplasmic projections that receive impulses and transmit them to the cell body
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| Dura mater | Outermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord
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| Dysrhythmia | Abnormal rhythm, such as electrical disturbances in the brain.
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| Dystrophy | Poor development.
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| EEG | Electroencephalogram-record of the patterns of brain activity
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| Efferent nerves | Also known as motor nerves; conduct impulses away from the Central Nervous System.
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| Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain
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| Epilepsy | A recurrent disorder of cerebral functions characterized by seizures/convulsions.
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| ECT | Electroconvulsive Therapy
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| Ganglion | A collection of nerve bodies. Mass of cell bodies, network of nerves
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| Ganglionectomy | Excision of a ganglion
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| Grand Mal Seizure | Serious form of epileptic seizure, characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and violent spasms.
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| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of half of the body-one side
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| Hydrocephalus | Increase of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain.
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| Hyperkinesia | Excesive movement.
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| Idiopathic | Occuring without a known cause.
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| Lethargy | Sluggishness-lack of response
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| LP | Lumbar Puncture-removes CSF from between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae. Needle puncture of spinal cavity.
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| Meninges | Three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater.
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| Meningocele | Congenital hernia/protrusion of meninges through an opening in the skull or spinal column.
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| Microcephaly | Abnormally small head.
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| Mixed Nerves | Nerves composed of both sensory and motor nerves.
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| Motor Nerve | A nerve that conducts impulses away from the Central Nervous System. Message sent from the brain.
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| Multiple Sclerosis | A progressive, degenerative disease of the myelin sheath, striking young adults aged 20-40; signs and symptoms include tremors, muscle weakness, and slowness of movement.
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| Myelalgia | Pain in the spinal cord/bone marrow.
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| Myelin | White fat-like sheath that covers many axons in the Peripheral Nervous System and the Central Nervous System.
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| Myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of dye.
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| Nerve | A large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue.
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| Nerve Block | Induction of regional anaesthesia causing loss of sensation.
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| Neuroglia | Nerve glue.
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| Neurolysis | Surgical freeing of a nerve from an adhesion.
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| Neuron | A nerve cell; the functional cell of the nervous system; is responsible for impulse conduction.
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| Neurotransmitters | Chemical substances that facilitate the transmission of impulses across synapses.
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| Opiates | Stupor or sleep-inducing (narcotic) drugs, containing opium.
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| Paraplegia | Paralysis of trunk and both legs.
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Part of the Autonomic Nervous System. Reverses effects of sympathetic system on the body (eg. slows the heart rate).
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| Petit Mal Seizure | Mild epileptic seizure (10-30 seconds in duration); consisting of momentary change in level of consciousness.
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| Pia mater | Innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.
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| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System-includes all nervous tissue of the body found outside the Central Nervous System.
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| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of the trunk and all four extremities.
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| Sedative | Medication that depresses CNS activity; has a calming effect.
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| Sensory Nerve | A nerve that receives impulses from sense organs. Messages sent to the brain.
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| SNS | Somatic Nervous System-one of the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System which conveys impulses for voluntary functions.
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| Spina Bifida | A congenital defect in the spinal column through which the spinal cord and meninges may protrude; usually occurs in the lumbar region.
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | Part of the Autonomic Nervous System. When in use may cause symptoms such as an accelerated heart rate and increased blood pressure.
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| Spinal Cord | Conveys sensory impulses to the brain from different parts of the body and also transmits motor impulses away from the brain to all muscles and organs.
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| Synapse | A small space found between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. The space between two neurons.
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| Syncope | Fainting
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| Tay-Sach's Disease | Genetic enzyme deficiency;characterized by progressive mental challenges, paralysis, blindness, inability to eat, and ultimately to death by age of 4 years.
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| Tics | Involuntary, spasmodic muscular contractions, usually of the face and neck.
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| Tranquilizers | Medications used to reduce tension and anxiety without decreasing level of consciousness.
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| Tremor | Involuntary tremble or shake.
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| Ventricles | Spaces located in the inner portion of the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid.
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| Trepination | Circular opening made in skull to relieve Intracranial Pressure (ICP).
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| Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) | Mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering the brain.
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| Myelpathy | Any disease of the spinal cord.
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