Anatomy exam II Heart
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | mediastinum
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| show | sternum
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| What does the mediastinum border posteriorly? | show 🗑
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| What does the mediastinum border laterally? | show 🗑
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| show | superior thoracic aperture
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| What does the mediastinum border inferiorly? | show 🗑
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| The mediastinum is divided into the _____ and ______ mediastinum by a transverse thoracic plane running from the _____ to the intervertebral disc between vertebrae T4-T5 | show 🗑
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| The _____ mediastinum can further be subdivided into the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum. | show 🗑
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| The borders of the middle mediastinum are defined by the _____, a cone-shaped sac surrounding the heart and the origins of the great vessels | show 🗑
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| The _____ is the tough external fibrous layer of the pericardial sac | show 🗑
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| The inner _____ pericardium has two layers: the _____ layer, which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium, and the _____ layer (epicardium), which adheres to the heart and forms its outer covering | show 🗑
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| The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium is the ______. | show 🗑
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| The arterial supply to the pericardium is mainly from the _____ arteries, although branches from the _____ arteries and the _____ aorta may also contribute | show 🗑
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| Pericardial innervation comes from the _____ nerves, _____ nerves, and _____ trunks | show 🗑
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| show | phrenic nerves (C3-5)
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| The serous pericardium forms reflections around: 1) _____ and _____ and 2) the ______ and the ____ and _______ | show 🗑
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| The reflection onto the pulmonary veins forms the _____ | show 🗑
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| The two reflections form a passage behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk called the _____ | show 🗑
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| The _____ develops as a result of the _____ that forms in the primordial heart tube | show 🗑
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| The _____ is an important landmark for cardiac surgeons | show 🗑
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| The _____ is directed posteriorly and consists of the left atrium, a portion of the right atrium, and the proximal parts of the great veins | show 🗑
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| The _____ is directed anteriorly and to the left and formed by the inferolateral part of the left ventricle. (tip of bottom of left corner) | show 🗑
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| The heart has _____, diaphragmatic, right and left _____ surfaces | show 🗑
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| show | inferior margin
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| show | obtuse margin
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| show | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle
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| show | A-V valves
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| When the ventricles contract the _____ are forced shut, and blood is forced to exit via the ____ and _____ | show 🗑
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| show | chordae tendineae
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| Closure of the _____ produces the first of the two heart sounds (lubb). | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary and aortic
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| show | ventricular; closed
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| Closure of the _____ produces the second heart sound (dupp) | show 🗑
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| show | aortic; tricuspid; pulmonary; mitral
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| show | cardiac skeleton
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| show | annulus fibrosus
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| The _____ connects the aortic ring and the left A-V ring | show 🗑
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| show | right fibrous trigone
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| The _____ helps to maintain the structural integrity of the valves and provides attachment points for the cusps | show 🗑
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| The cardiac skeleton also serves as a dense connective tissue partition that electrically isolates the _____ from the _____ | show 🗑
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| The heart has its own _____ and does not need input from the nervous system to beat rhythmically | show 🗑
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| show | myocardial cells
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| Input from the nervous system is necessary to change ____ or ____ of contraction. These signals come through the _____ | show 🗑
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| show | SA node
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| show | myogenic conduction; AV node
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| show | AV bundle; subendocardial branches
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| show | purkinjie fibers
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| show | right coronary artery; coronary sulcus
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| show | right marginal branch; right
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| show | posterior interventricular branch; posterior interventricular sulcus
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| show | left coronary artery
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| show | anterior interventricular
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| The anterior interventricular branch descends obliquely in the ______ and the ______ | show 🗑
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| What gives rise to the left marginal branch? | show 🗑
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| Individuals in which the posterior interventricular branch arises from the right coronary artery are said to have a _____ dominant coronary artery | show 🗑
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| show | left
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| The _____ is a wide venous channel that runs from left to right in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus | show 🗑
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| show | great cardiac vein
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| The _____ drains into either the great cardiac vein or directly into the coronary sinus | show 🗑
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| The ____ veins of _____ drain directly into the right atrium | show 🗑
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| If a coronary artery is blocked, it can lead to _____ or a _____ | show 🗑
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| What is angina pectoris? | show 🗑
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| What is a MI? | show 🗑
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| show | coronary heart disease
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| Coronary artery occlusion is usually due to _____ | show 🗑
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| show | coronary artery bypass surgery and angioplasty
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| When cardiac cells die during a myocardial infarction, ______ are stimulated | show 🗑
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| show | visceral and somatic; somatic; visceral
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