PCC Gross test 4
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| What does the scalp cover, and where? | Covers the calvaria of the skull from the superior nuchal line of the occpital bone into the supraorbital ridge of the frontal bone,laterally extending on to the zygomatic arch.
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| What forms the scalp proper? | First 3 layers
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| Does the scalp have direct lymph nodes? | NO
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| How does the scalp drain lymph? | Into the precervical coller
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| Layers of the scalp? | S.C.A.L.P. Skin, Connective tissue, aponeurosis epicranius, loose connective tissue, pericranium.
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| Is the first layer of the scalp vascular? | Very vascular.
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| What is the blood supply to the first layer? | Supratrochlear, Supraorbital, parietal and frontal , occipital and posterior auricular.
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| Supratrochlear is a continuation of what artery? | Facial
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| Supratrochlear makes anastomosis between? | facial artery and superficial temporal artery.
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| Supraorbital artery is a branch of what artery. | opthalmic
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| Supraorbital artery forms anastomosis with ? | frontal branch of superficial temporal artery.
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| Occipital artery is a branch of? | external carotid artery.
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| Posterior auricular artery is a branch of? | ECA
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| The second layer of the scalp is very___ and very ___? | vascular and innervated.
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| Nerves of 2nd layer? | posterior- greater occipital . posteriolaterally-lesser occipital
posterior to ear- auricular branch
anterior to ear- auriculotemporal
anterior and lateral- zygomaticotemporal
anterior-supraorbital and supratrochlear
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| Tough fascia that connects the frontalis to the occipitalis muscles? | Third layer/aponeurosis
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| Scalp proper? | First 3 layers.
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| Potential space, that can become inflamed with injusry . allows scalp proper to move freely? | 4th layer/ loose connective tissue
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| Dense tissue that is tightly attached to skull via the sharpey's fibers. | Fifth layer/pericranium(epicranium/periostium)
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| All facial muscles are innervated via the 5 branches of ? | CN VII, Facial N.
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| OIA of occipitofrontalis | O-poersterior aspect of epicranial aponeurosis(galea)
I-Via the aponeurosis into frontalis muscle
A- raise the eye brow and wrinkle forehead .
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| procerus OIA? | o- from continuation of frontalis
i- skin over nasal ridge.
a- wrinkle skin over nose and drop the medial aspect of the eye brow
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| orbicularis oculi OIA? | o- medially from the medial palpebral ligament
I- wraps around the tarsal plate and fans out toward the lateral palpebral ligament
A- sphinchter for teh orbit
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| Corrugator supercilii OIA? | O-nasal bone and in part from the orbicularis oculi.
I-into skin of eye brow
A- pulls the eye brow in and down
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| Nasalis OIA | O- from canine eminence of maxilla
I into dorsum of nose
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| Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi OIA | O- from maxillary bone just medial and inferior to the infraorbital foramen
I- upper lip and cartilage of nose
A-elevate upper lip and nose
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| zygomaticus OIA | O- Major: from lateral aspect of zygomatic
Minor: from anterior aspect of zygomatic just lateral to infraorbital
I- to corner of mouth
A- Smiling and laughing
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| risorius OIA | O- very small muscle
I usually blends w/ the platysma, to the lateral mouth
A- pull corner of mouth
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| orbicularis oris OIA | O-from either commisure of mouth
I- fans into cutaneous fascia of the upper and lower lips
A- first sphincter of digestive tract, opening of mouth
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| Depressor speti nasi OIA | O-arises from maxilla just superior to central incisor
I-into the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum
A- depress the nasal septum, opens naris
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| Depressor anguli oris OIA | O-from inferior fibers of platysma
I- blends with the orbicularis oris muscle into corner of mouth
A- depress the corner of mouth
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| depressor labii inferiorus OIA | O- mandible , just lateral to mental protuberance
I- blend with the orbicularis oris
A- pull corner of mouth down
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| mentalis OIA | O- arises from mental protuberance of mandible
I- skin of chin
A- multiple dimples
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| buccinator OIA | from alveolar arch of maxilla and mandlible(pterygomandibular raphe)
I- interdigitate with the orbicularis oris
A- holds the cheek against the mouth , and assists in mastication.
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| how many auricular muscles are therE? and what are they | 3, auricularis anterior,superior and posterior
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| Nerves that innervate the face? | Facial(motor) and trigeminal (sensory)
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| Where does the facial nerve leave the cranial vault? | Internal acoustic foramina of posterior cranial fossa.
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| the facial nerve exists the skull via? | stylomastoid foramina
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| At the stylomastoid foramen the facial nerve exits and gives rise to? | posterior auricular that innervates occipitalis
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| Facial nerve crosses over these muscles after exiting and innervates these | stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric
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| Facial nerve through the _____ forms the parotid plexus , which give rise to __ branches | Parotid gland, 5 branches
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| 5 terminal branches of facial nerve that come from parotid plexus? | Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
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| What does the temporal branch innervate? | Frontalis and palpebral(superious part of orbicularis oculi)
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| Zygotmaic branch innervates?locations | anterior superior aspect of parotid , lower portion of orbicularis oculi
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| Buccal branch innervates?location | Buccinator, and lateral aspect of orbicularis oculi. runs over the masseter into buccal fat.
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| mandibular branch innervates?location | lower lip and muscles of that region- runs over ramus of mandible deep to platysma
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| cervical branch ?location? | exists at the inferior aspect of parotid gland, deep to platysma.
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| Ophthalmic division V1- innervation and locations? | innervates forehead and content of orbital cavity and inner aspect of nasal cavity.
enters cranium via the superior orbital fissure then joins trigeminal ganglia(gasserian semilunar) in middle cranial fossa.
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| Maxillary division V2 innervation and location | upper lips , upper teeth, gingival tissue and hard palate, enters infraorbital foramen, and pterygopalatine fossa. eneters the skull through foramen rotundum
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| mandibular division v3 innervation and location | skin of lower lip and chin, lower teeth, gum. enters mental foramen. general sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue through lingual nerve. enters cranium through foramen ovale.
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| Facial artery arises from? where? | ECA, within the submandibular triangle
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| the facial artery traverses where? | through the submandibular salivary gland , over the ramus of the madible, deep to the platysma, toward corner of mouth, there gives rise to inferior labial A. @ superior lip gives rise to super labial A. @ nasal margin becomes angular A.
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| the smaller terminal branch of external carotid | Superficial temporal A. ascends superiorly through parotid gland exits at its superior aspect just anterior to the ear, gives rise to frontal and parietal arteries.
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| within the parotid glad, branch off of superficial temporal artery, anterior and inferior to zygomatic arch? | transverse facial
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| Veins of the face are mostly the same as the arteries except these: | Supraorbital , infraorbital and deep facial veins.
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| due to the way some facial veins drain into ______ of the brain may cause problems. | cavernous sinus
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| Boundries of the dangerous triangle? | nasofrontal junction, lateral corners of mouth
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| largest salivary gland of head? | parotid
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| what surrounds the parotid? | investing fascia
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| location of parotid? | ramus of mandible, at posterior aspect, wraps around angle of mandible
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| parotid overlies what muscle? | masseter
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| parotid contains? | ECA, facial N, retromandibular V, and parotid lymphatic nodes.
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| These lymph nodes drain the lymph from the forehaed, lateral aspect of the eye, middle ear, later aspect of ear and anterior wall of external acoustic meatus? | parotid lymph nodes
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| innervation of parotid? | Glossopharyngeal IX, via parasympathetic fibers,and of the auriculotemporal branch of auriculotemporal branch of trigeminal
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| parotid produces what? | serous fluid and amylase
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| parotid duct travels? | medially toward the buccinator , pierces through the muscle and enters the oral cavity (vestibular part) @ the 2nd maxillary molar.
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| Boundries of temporal fossa? | Medial(base/floor) - Frontal , great wing of sphenoid, temporal , and parietal . AKA Pterion
Lateral- zygomatic arch
anterior- zygomatic and frontal bones
superior and posterior- superior and inferior temporal lines
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| major contents of temporal fossa? | temporalis and masseter muscles.
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| Temporalis OIA | O- superior and inferior temporal lines of frontal and parietal bones
I- into superior and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible.
A- powerful elevator of mandible, posterior fibers can cause retraction of mandible
N- innervated by mandibular
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| Masseter OIAN | O- inferior margin of zygomatic
I- into ramus of massteric tuberosity of mandible
A- elevator of mandible
N- mandibular branch(masseteric nerve)
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| What covers the masseter? | parotid gland and its capsule
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| boundries of the infratemporal fossa? | Superior- anterior portion of the infratemporal line, great wing of the sphenoid
Anterior- posterior aspect of maxiall( infratemporal surface)
Inferior- point of insertion for the medial pterygoid
lateral- internal surface of the mandibular ramus.
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| What the infratemporal fossa communicates with: | Foramen ovale, foramen spinosum , mandibular foramen, infraorbital foramen
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| The foramen spinosum is where what enters the cranium? | Middle meningeal artery, which is a branch of the first part of maxillary artery.
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| where do the inferior aveolar artery and nerve enter the mandible? | mandibular foramen
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| Larger of the 2 branches of ECA? | Maxillary
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| where is the maxillary located? | posterior to the neck of the mandibular condyle. travels anteriorly within the infratemporal fossa.
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| 3 parts of the maxillary artery? | 1st mandibular, 2nd pterygoid/muscluar, 3rd pterygopalatine: all in relation to lateral pterygoid
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| first branch of maxillary gives rise to? | deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal and inferior alveolar
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| what supplies the external acoustic meatus? | deep auricular, from maxillary 1st division
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| what artery supplies the tympanic membrane? | anterior tympanic of maxillary 1st division
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| inferior and largest branch of mandibular division of maxillary artery, supplies mandibular teeth and gums? | inferior alveolar a
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| longest part of maxillary artery, overlying the lateral pterygoid, sometimes covered by it | 2nd part- pterygoid/muscular
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| parts of the 2nd division of maxillary | deep temporal, massteric, pterygoid,buccal
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| what artery supplies the temporalis | deep temporal , 2nd division of maxillary
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| this artery travels through the mandibular notch supplying masseter. | massteric a
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| this artery supplies the pterygoid muscles | ptyergoid a
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| Divisions of the 3rd part- pterygopalatine of the maxillary artery | posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, decscending palatine, pharyngeal , artery to pterygoid, sphenopalatine
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| to the maxillary sinus, gingival, and premolar of maxilla? artery* | posterior superior alveolar a
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| entering the orbital cavity :arterial supply to lower eye lid, nose, once exiting through the infraorbital foramen supplies upper lip, | infraorbital a via the 3rd division of maxillary(pterygopalatine)
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| arterial supply to roof of the mouth | descending palatine a, via the 3rd division of maxillary.
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| arterial supply to pharynx ,sphenoid sinus and lower aspect of pharyngotympanic (eustacian) tube | pharyngeal artery, via 3rd division of maxillary
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| arterial supply to upper aspect of pharyngotympanic tube and typmpanic cavity(middle ear) | A to pterygoid canal
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| arterial supply to nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasal septum? | sphenopalatine(pterygopalatine)
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| where is the pterygoid venous plexus located? | between the temporalis and lateral pterygoid.
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| what does the pterygoid venous plexus do? | communication between facial vein and cavernous sinus of dura mater
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| nerves of the infratemporal fossa? | Otic(arnolds) ganglion(parasympathetic), mandibular n,
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| where is the otic ganglion? | just inferior to foramen ovale. carries sensory of glossopharyngeal to parotid
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| what are the branches of mandibular nerve? | auriculotemporal, buccal, inferior aveolar, lingual
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| where does the auriculotemporal travel? | either side of the middle meningeal artery.
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| what does the auriculotemporal nerve innervate? | parasympathetic to glossopharyngeal to parotid. sensory to auricle and TMJ
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| where does inferior alveolar nerve travel? | enters alveolar foramen of mandible with the inferior alveolar artery, just before entering this gives rise to myohyoid and anterior belly of digastric.
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| Lingual nerve innervateS? | sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue from mandibular branch, special sensory to anster 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani of facial
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| musculature of the infratemporal fossa? | medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid
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| OIAN of medial pterygoid. | O- superficial head from maxillary tuberosity, deep head from meadial aspect of lateral pterygoid and pteyrgoid process of sphenoid
I- medial mandibular ramus, inferior to alveolar foramen
A- bilaterally- elevation and protraction of TMJ, etc.
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| what type of joint is TMJ? | modified synovial double condyloid hinge joint.
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| articulation of tmj? | between the head of the mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone
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| TMJ cavity divided into ___ cavities? | 2 synovial
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| what does the articular disk of tmj separate? | superior and inferior synovial cavities.
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| superior facet of tmj allows for? | gliding movement
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| inferior facet of tmj allows for? | hinge movement
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| primary ligaments of TMJ? | articular capsule, lateral ligament, articular disc pad, upper and lower synovial membrane
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| secondary ligaments of TMJ? | stylomandibular and sphenomandibular(check) ligaments
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| Muscles of mastication? depressors? | infrahyoid, suprahyoid, and lateral pterygoid
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| Muscles of mastication? elevators? | masseter, temporalis, medial ptyergoid
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| Muscles of mastication? protractors? | lateral pterygoid(primary mover) assisted by medial pter and masseter.
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| Muscles of mastication? retractors? | posterior fibers of temporalis
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| Muscles of mastication? lateral movers | combo of retractors and protractors
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| Oral cavity is divided into ___ parts? | 2, vestibular and oral cavity proper(cavum oris)
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| Narrow slit like ,located between the buccal , gingiva ,teeth and cheeks? | vestibular
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| true oral cavity bounded by the alveolar arch to palatoglossal arch? | oral cavity proper(cavum oris)
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| upper lip innervated by? lower by? | upper by maxillary division, lower by mental nerve via inferior alveolar n of mandibular
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| arterial supply to lips? | superior and inferior labial A(facial)
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| What type of joint do the teeth have? | Synarthrotic gomphosis, articulate w/ the alveoloar arches of maxialla and mandible
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| How many primary teeth are in children? deciduous teeth.. | 20
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| secondary , adult teeth? amount | 32
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| where are the palatine tonsils located? | between the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus folds
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| innervation of palatine tonsils? | ascending palatine artery of facial a. and greater and lesser palatine a.
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| what forms the hard palate? | anterior( 2/3). Formed by the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bones.
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| 3 pairs of foramina located in hard palate? | Incisive, greater, and lesser foramina
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| what nerves pass through incisive foramina? | nasopalatine (sensory to palate) maxillary division
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| where is the greater palatine foramina and what does it transmit? | medial to 3rd maxillary molar. transmits greater palatine artery and nerve( from maxillary division)
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| where is the lesser palatine foramina? transmits? | posterior to greater palatine. lesser palatine artery and nerve.(maxillary division)
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| what are the palatine arches? | palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
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| Posterior 1/3 of tongue aka? | pharyngeal portion
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| anterior papilla? | fungiform
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| anteroposterior papilla? | filiform
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| posterior-lateral papilla? | foliate
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| posterior papilla? | vallate
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| inferior aspect of the tongue is covered by what? | transparent mucosal membrane
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| what connects the tongue to the floor? | lingual frenulum
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| where are the deep lingual blood vessels and lingual nerve located? also opening for sublingual salivary gland | sublingual fold
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| where is the opening for submandibular salivary duct? | sublingual caruncle
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| innervation of tongue? | Pharyngeal plexus, hypoglossal , lingual and facial
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| general sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue ? | pharyngeal plexus of glossopharyngeal and vagus
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| motor of tongue? | hypoglossal
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| general sensory of anterior 2/3 of tongue? | via the lingual branch of mandibular
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| special sensory of the anterior 2/3 of tongue? | Facial nerve, (chorda tympani)
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| where is the submandibular gland located? | inferior to the angle of ramus . surrounds the facial artery.
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| submandibular (whartons) duct opens into? | oral cavity proper, posterior to mandibular incisors.
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| where is the sublingual salivary gland located? | with in the genioglossus muscle. opens into the oral cavity , at the sublingual fold.
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| innervation of sublingual salivary gland? | facial
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