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Gross Anatomy Test 4
PCC Gross test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the scalp cover, and where? | Covers the calvaria of the skull from the superior nuchal line of the occpital bone into the supraorbital ridge of the frontal bone,laterally extending on to the zygomatic arch. |
| What forms the scalp proper? | First 3 layers |
| Does the scalp have direct lymph nodes? | NO |
| How does the scalp drain lymph? | Into the precervical coller |
| Layers of the scalp? | S.C.A.L.P. Skin, Connective tissue, aponeurosis epicranius, loose connective tissue, pericranium. |
| Is the first layer of the scalp vascular? | Very vascular. |
| What is the blood supply to the first layer? | Supratrochlear, Supraorbital, parietal and frontal , occipital and posterior auricular. |
| Supratrochlear is a continuation of what artery? | Facial |
| Supratrochlear makes anastomosis between? | facial artery and superficial temporal artery. |
| Supraorbital artery is a branch of what artery. | opthalmic |
| Supraorbital artery forms anastomosis with ? | frontal branch of superficial temporal artery. |
| Occipital artery is a branch of? | external carotid artery. |
| Posterior auricular artery is a branch of? | ECA |
| The second layer of the scalp is very___ and very ___? | vascular and innervated. |
| Nerves of 2nd layer? | posterior- greater occipital . posteriolaterally-lesser occipital posterior to ear- auricular branch anterior to ear- auriculotemporal anterior and lateral- zygomaticotemporal anterior-supraorbital and supratrochlear |
| Tough fascia that connects the frontalis to the occipitalis muscles? | Third layer/aponeurosis |
| Scalp proper? | First 3 layers. |
| Potential space, that can become inflamed with injusry . allows scalp proper to move freely? | 4th layer/ loose connective tissue |
| Dense tissue that is tightly attached to skull via the sharpey's fibers. | Fifth layer/pericranium(epicranium/periostium) |
| All facial muscles are innervated via the 5 branches of ? | CN VII, Facial N. |
| OIA of occipitofrontalis | O-poersterior aspect of epicranial aponeurosis(galea) I-Via the aponeurosis into frontalis muscle A- raise the eye brow and wrinkle forehead . |
| procerus OIA? | o- from continuation of frontalis i- skin over nasal ridge. a- wrinkle skin over nose and drop the medial aspect of the eye brow |
| orbicularis oculi OIA? | o- medially from the medial palpebral ligament I- wraps around the tarsal plate and fans out toward the lateral palpebral ligament A- sphinchter for teh orbit |
| Corrugator supercilii OIA? | O-nasal bone and in part from the orbicularis oculi. I-into skin of eye brow A- pulls the eye brow in and down |
| Nasalis OIA | O- from canine eminence of maxilla I into dorsum of nose |
| Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi OIA | O- from maxillary bone just medial and inferior to the infraorbital foramen I- upper lip and cartilage of nose A-elevate upper lip and nose |
| zygomaticus OIA | O- Major: from lateral aspect of zygomatic Minor: from anterior aspect of zygomatic just lateral to infraorbital I- to corner of mouth A- Smiling and laughing |
| risorius OIA | O- very small muscle I usually blends w/ the platysma, to the lateral mouth A- pull corner of mouth |
| orbicularis oris OIA | O-from either commisure of mouth I- fans into cutaneous fascia of the upper and lower lips A- first sphincter of digestive tract, opening of mouth |
| Depressor speti nasi OIA | O-arises from maxilla just superior to central incisor I-into the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum A- depress the nasal septum, opens naris |
| Depressor anguli oris OIA | O-from inferior fibers of platysma I- blends with the orbicularis oris muscle into corner of mouth A- depress the corner of mouth |
| depressor labii inferiorus OIA | O- mandible , just lateral to mental protuberance I- blend with the orbicularis oris A- pull corner of mouth down |
| mentalis OIA | O- arises from mental protuberance of mandible I- skin of chin A- multiple dimples |
| buccinator OIA | from alveolar arch of maxilla and mandlible(pterygomandibular raphe) I- interdigitate with the orbicularis oris A- holds the cheek against the mouth , and assists in mastication. |
| how many auricular muscles are therE? and what are they | 3, auricularis anterior,superior and posterior |
| Nerves that innervate the face? | Facial(motor) and trigeminal (sensory) |
| Where does the facial nerve leave the cranial vault? | Internal acoustic foramina of posterior cranial fossa. |
| the facial nerve exists the skull via? | stylomastoid foramina |
| At the stylomastoid foramen the facial nerve exits and gives rise to? | posterior auricular that innervates occipitalis |
| Facial nerve crosses over these muscles after exiting and innervates these | stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric |
| Facial nerve through the _____ forms the parotid plexus , which give rise to __ branches | Parotid gland, 5 branches |
| 5 terminal branches of facial nerve that come from parotid plexus? | Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical |
| What does the temporal branch innervate? | Frontalis and palpebral(superious part of orbicularis oculi) |
| Zygotmaic branch innervates?locations | anterior superior aspect of parotid , lower portion of orbicularis oculi |
| Buccal branch innervates?location | Buccinator, and lateral aspect of orbicularis oculi. runs over the masseter into buccal fat. |
| mandibular branch innervates?location | lower lip and muscles of that region- runs over ramus of mandible deep to platysma |
| cervical branch ?location? | exists at the inferior aspect of parotid gland, deep to platysma. |
| Ophthalmic division V1- innervation and locations? | innervates forehead and content of orbital cavity and inner aspect of nasal cavity. enters cranium via the superior orbital fissure then joins trigeminal ganglia(gasserian semilunar) in middle cranial fossa. |
| Maxillary division V2 innervation and location | upper lips , upper teeth, gingival tissue and hard palate, enters infraorbital foramen, and pterygopalatine fossa. eneters the skull through foramen rotundum |
| mandibular division v3 innervation and location | skin of lower lip and chin, lower teeth, gum. enters mental foramen. general sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue through lingual nerve. enters cranium through foramen ovale. |
| Facial artery arises from? where? | ECA, within the submandibular triangle |
| the facial artery traverses where? | through the submandibular salivary gland , over the ramus of the madible, deep to the platysma, toward corner of mouth, there gives rise to inferior labial A. @ superior lip gives rise to super labial A. @ nasal margin becomes angular A. |
| the smaller terminal branch of external carotid | Superficial temporal A. ascends superiorly through parotid gland exits at its superior aspect just anterior to the ear, gives rise to frontal and parietal arteries. |
| within the parotid glad, branch off of superficial temporal artery, anterior and inferior to zygomatic arch? | transverse facial |
| Veins of the face are mostly the same as the arteries except these: | Supraorbital , infraorbital and deep facial veins. |
| due to the way some facial veins drain into ______ of the brain may cause problems. | cavernous sinus |
| Boundries of the dangerous triangle? | nasofrontal junction, lateral corners of mouth |
| largest salivary gland of head? | parotid |
| what surrounds the parotid? | investing fascia |
| location of parotid? | ramus of mandible, at posterior aspect, wraps around angle of mandible |
| parotid overlies what muscle? | masseter |
| parotid contains? | ECA, facial N, retromandibular V, and parotid lymphatic nodes. |
| These lymph nodes drain the lymph from the forehaed, lateral aspect of the eye, middle ear, later aspect of ear and anterior wall of external acoustic meatus? | parotid lymph nodes |
| innervation of parotid? | Glossopharyngeal IX, via parasympathetic fibers,and of the auriculotemporal branch of auriculotemporal branch of trigeminal |
| parotid produces what? | serous fluid and amylase |
| parotid duct travels? | medially toward the buccinator , pierces through the muscle and enters the oral cavity (vestibular part) @ the 2nd maxillary molar. |
| Boundries of temporal fossa? | Medial(base/floor) - Frontal , great wing of sphenoid, temporal , and parietal . AKA Pterion Lateral- zygomatic arch anterior- zygomatic and frontal bones superior and posterior- superior and inferior temporal lines |
| major contents of temporal fossa? | temporalis and masseter muscles. |
| Temporalis OIA | O- superior and inferior temporal lines of frontal and parietal bones I- into superior and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible. A- powerful elevator of mandible, posterior fibers can cause retraction of mandible N- innervated by mandibular |
| Masseter OIAN | O- inferior margin of zygomatic I- into ramus of massteric tuberosity of mandible A- elevator of mandible N- mandibular branch(masseteric nerve) |
| What covers the masseter? | parotid gland and its capsule |
| boundries of the infratemporal fossa? | Superior- anterior portion of the infratemporal line, great wing of the sphenoid Anterior- posterior aspect of maxiall( infratemporal surface) Inferior- point of insertion for the medial pterygoid lateral- internal surface of the mandibular ramus. |
| What the infratemporal fossa communicates with: | Foramen ovale, foramen spinosum , mandibular foramen, infraorbital foramen |
| The foramen spinosum is where what enters the cranium? | Middle meningeal artery, which is a branch of the first part of maxillary artery. |
| where do the inferior aveolar artery and nerve enter the mandible? | mandibular foramen |
| Larger of the 2 branches of ECA? | Maxillary |
| where is the maxillary located? | posterior to the neck of the mandibular condyle. travels anteriorly within the infratemporal fossa. |
| 3 parts of the maxillary artery? | 1st mandibular, 2nd pterygoid/muscluar, 3rd pterygopalatine: all in relation to lateral pterygoid |
| first branch of maxillary gives rise to? | deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal and inferior alveolar |
| what supplies the external acoustic meatus? | deep auricular, from maxillary 1st division |
| what artery supplies the tympanic membrane? | anterior tympanic of maxillary 1st division |
| inferior and largest branch of mandibular division of maxillary artery, supplies mandibular teeth and gums? | inferior alveolar a |
| longest part of maxillary artery, overlying the lateral pterygoid, sometimes covered by it | 2nd part- pterygoid/muscular |
| parts of the 2nd division of maxillary | deep temporal, massteric, pterygoid,buccal |
| what artery supplies the temporalis | deep temporal , 2nd division of maxillary |
| this artery travels through the mandibular notch supplying masseter. | massteric a |
| this artery supplies the pterygoid muscles | ptyergoid a |
| Divisions of the 3rd part- pterygopalatine of the maxillary artery | posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, decscending palatine, pharyngeal , artery to pterygoid, sphenopalatine |
| to the maxillary sinus, gingival, and premolar of maxilla? artery* | posterior superior alveolar a |
| entering the orbital cavity :arterial supply to lower eye lid, nose, once exiting through the infraorbital foramen supplies upper lip, | infraorbital a via the 3rd division of maxillary(pterygopalatine) |
| arterial supply to roof of the mouth | descending palatine a, via the 3rd division of maxillary. |
| arterial supply to pharynx ,sphenoid sinus and lower aspect of pharyngotympanic (eustacian) tube | pharyngeal artery, via 3rd division of maxillary |
| arterial supply to upper aspect of pharyngotympanic tube and typmpanic cavity(middle ear) | A to pterygoid canal |
| arterial supply to nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasal septum? | sphenopalatine(pterygopalatine) |
| where is the pterygoid venous plexus located? | between the temporalis and lateral pterygoid. |
| what does the pterygoid venous plexus do? | communication between facial vein and cavernous sinus of dura mater |
| nerves of the infratemporal fossa? | Otic(arnolds) ganglion(parasympathetic), mandibular n, |
| where is the otic ganglion? | just inferior to foramen ovale. carries sensory of glossopharyngeal to parotid |
| what are the branches of mandibular nerve? | auriculotemporal, buccal, inferior aveolar, lingual |
| where does the auriculotemporal travel? | either side of the middle meningeal artery. |
| what does the auriculotemporal nerve innervate? | parasympathetic to glossopharyngeal to parotid. sensory to auricle and TMJ |
| where does inferior alveolar nerve travel? | enters alveolar foramen of mandible with the inferior alveolar artery, just before entering this gives rise to myohyoid and anterior belly of digastric. |
| Lingual nerve innervateS? | sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue from mandibular branch, special sensory to anster 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani of facial |
| musculature of the infratemporal fossa? | medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid |
| OIAN of medial pterygoid. | O- superficial head from maxillary tuberosity, deep head from meadial aspect of lateral pterygoid and pteyrgoid process of sphenoid I- medial mandibular ramus, inferior to alveolar foramen A- bilaterally- elevation and protraction of TMJ, etc. |
| what type of joint is TMJ? | modified synovial double condyloid hinge joint. |
| articulation of tmj? | between the head of the mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone |
| TMJ cavity divided into ___ cavities? | 2 synovial |
| what does the articular disk of tmj separate? | superior and inferior synovial cavities. |
| superior facet of tmj allows for? | gliding movement |
| inferior facet of tmj allows for? | hinge movement |
| primary ligaments of TMJ? | articular capsule, lateral ligament, articular disc pad, upper and lower synovial membrane |
| secondary ligaments of TMJ? | stylomandibular and sphenomandibular(check) ligaments |
| Muscles of mastication? depressors? | infrahyoid, suprahyoid, and lateral pterygoid |
| Muscles of mastication? elevators? | masseter, temporalis, medial ptyergoid |
| Muscles of mastication? protractors? | lateral pterygoid(primary mover) assisted by medial pter and masseter. |
| Muscles of mastication? retractors? | posterior fibers of temporalis |
| Muscles of mastication? lateral movers | combo of retractors and protractors |
| Oral cavity is divided into ___ parts? | 2, vestibular and oral cavity proper(cavum oris) |
| Narrow slit like ,located between the buccal , gingiva ,teeth and cheeks? | vestibular |
| true oral cavity bounded by the alveolar arch to palatoglossal arch? | oral cavity proper(cavum oris) |
| upper lip innervated by? lower by? | upper by maxillary division, lower by mental nerve via inferior alveolar n of mandibular |
| arterial supply to lips? | superior and inferior labial A(facial) |
| What type of joint do the teeth have? | Synarthrotic gomphosis, articulate w/ the alveoloar arches of maxialla and mandible |
| How many primary teeth are in children? deciduous teeth.. | 20 |
| secondary , adult teeth? amount | 32 |
| where are the palatine tonsils located? | between the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus folds |
| innervation of palatine tonsils? | ascending palatine artery of facial a. and greater and lesser palatine a. |
| what forms the hard palate? | anterior( 2/3). Formed by the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bones. |
| 3 pairs of foramina located in hard palate? | Incisive, greater, and lesser foramina |
| what nerves pass through incisive foramina? | nasopalatine (sensory to palate) maxillary division |
| where is the greater palatine foramina and what does it transmit? | medial to 3rd maxillary molar. transmits greater palatine artery and nerve( from maxillary division) |
| where is the lesser palatine foramina? transmits? | posterior to greater palatine. lesser palatine artery and nerve.(maxillary division) |
| what are the palatine arches? | palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus |
| Posterior 1/3 of tongue aka? | pharyngeal portion |
| anterior papilla? | fungiform |
| anteroposterior papilla? | filiform |
| posterior-lateral papilla? | foliate |
| posterior papilla? | vallate |
| inferior aspect of the tongue is covered by what? | transparent mucosal membrane |
| what connects the tongue to the floor? | lingual frenulum |
| where are the deep lingual blood vessels and lingual nerve located? also opening for sublingual salivary gland | sublingual fold |
| where is the opening for submandibular salivary duct? | sublingual caruncle |
| innervation of tongue? | Pharyngeal plexus, hypoglossal , lingual and facial |
| general sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue ? | pharyngeal plexus of glossopharyngeal and vagus |
| motor of tongue? | hypoglossal |
| general sensory of anterior 2/3 of tongue? | via the lingual branch of mandibular |
| special sensory of the anterior 2/3 of tongue? | Facial nerve, (chorda tympani) |
| where is the submandibular gland located? | inferior to the angle of ramus . surrounds the facial artery. |
| submandibular (whartons) duct opens into? | oral cavity proper, posterior to mandibular incisors. |
| where is the sublingual salivary gland located? | with in the genioglossus muscle. opens into the oral cavity , at the sublingual fold. |
| innervation of sublingual salivary gland? | facial |
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