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| Integumentary Organ System | The cutaneous membrane (skin) with various organs
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| Epithelial Tissue functions | Covering body surfaces; lining body cavities
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| The 3 Major types of epithelial membranes | Serous, Mucous, Cutaneous
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| 4th epithelial tissue;lines joints; reduces friction; composed entirely of Connective Tissue | Synovial membranes
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| Lines body cavities (such as thoracic and abdominal); reduce friction and secretes serous fluid- aids in lubrication; components: simple squamous epithelial and thin layer of CT | Serous membranes
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| Lines cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body (ex. Oral/nasal cavities, tubes of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems); consists of epi overlying CT; goblet cells secretes mucus | Mucous Membranes
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| Also known as skin; help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs from physical damage | Cutaneous membrane
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| 2 distinct layers | Epidermis and dermis
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| Beneath dermis; masses of loose CT and adipose tissues bind skin to underlying organs; not part of the skin; contains major blood vessels | Subcutaneous Layer
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| Receives nourishment from deepest layer (stratum basale); cells divide and grow and push older cells away from the dermis and towards the surface; poor nutrient supply so cells die over time; thickest at soles of feet and palms | Epidermis
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| Produce melanin which provides skin color | Melanocytes
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| Absorbs UV radiation preventing mutations in DNA and other damaging effects | Melanin
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| Older skin cells thicken and harden by this process | Keratinization
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| Boundary between epidermis and dermis is uneven; binds epidermis to underlying tissues; composed of irregular dense CT; includes tough collagenous and elastic fibers; contains muscle and nerve fibers; create facial expressions | Dermis
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| Unique and form during fetal development; identical twins have different _____ | Fingerprints
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| Stimulated by heavy pressure | Pacinian Corpuscle
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| Senses light touch | Meissner's Corpuscles
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| Helps to conserve body heat | Adipose tissue
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| Hair follicles, nails, and skin glands are considered _____ _____ | Accessory Organs
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| Present except palms, soles, lips, nipples, and parts of external reproductive organs; follicle extended from surface into dermis and contains hair root | Hair follicles
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| Epidermal cells which have become keratinized and died | Hair shaft
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| Genes determine this by directing the type and amount of pigment that epidermal melanocytes produce | Hair color
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| What hair color has more melanin than blond? | Dark hair
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| This hair color has iron pigment which is not found in any other type of hair color | Red hair
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| A bundle of smooth muscle cells which attach to each hair follicle | Arrector Pili Muscle
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| Consists of nail plate and nail bed | Nails
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| Whitish, thickened, half moon shape region; most active growing region | Lunula
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| Keratinized scales form this | Nail plate
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| These are skin glands | Sebaceous glands and sweat glands
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| Associated with hair follicle; holocrine glands; secrete sebum; makes hair and skin soft | Sebaceous glands
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| Fatty material | Sebum
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| Widespread in skin; consists of tiny tube which originates as a ball-shaped coil in dermis or superficial subcutaneous layer | Sweat Glands
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| Most numerous; respond to body temp; located in forehead, neck, and back | Eccrine Glands
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| Develop a scent as they are metabolized by skin bacteria; activated during puberty | Apocrine Glands
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| Secrets earwax | Ceruminous Glands
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| Secretes milk | Mammary Glands
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| Water and small amounts of salt and wastes (urea and uric acid) | Sweat
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| All people have about same number of melanocytes (differences depend on amount of melanin produced); environmental factors include sunlight, UV Radiation, and x-rays | Skin color
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| Releases heat | Cellular metabolism
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| Most active cells | Major heat producers
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| Vessels dilate (enlarge), releasing heat | Vasodilation
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| Vessels contract (shrink), diverting blood to surface | Vasoconstriction
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| Hypothalamus | Controls body temp
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| Infrared heat rays escape from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings | Radiation
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| Heat moves from body directly to cooler objects | Conduction
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| Air becomes heated and moves away from body | Convection
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| Sweating | Evaporation
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| Too cold | Hypo
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| Too hot | Hyper
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| Elevated body temp | Hyperthermia
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| Lowered body temp; prolonged exposure to cold; warm gradually | Hypothermia
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| Yellow orange color | Jaundice
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| Blood pigment | Hemoglobin
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| Slightly burned skin may become warm and reddened; surface will shed; no scarring; heals within 2 weeks; SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL-THICKNESS | 1st Degree Burn
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| Effects the dermis and epidermis layer of skin; causes pain, redness, swelling, blistering; heals two or three week without scarring/ more than 3 weeks with scarring; changes pigment of skin; does not scar | 2nd Degree Burn
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| Rinse Burn with cool water, gently clean with clean water, bandage burn | 2nd Degree Burn treatment
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| Destroys epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs of the skin; healing can only occur by growth of epithelial cells inward from the margin of the Burn; injured skin becomes dry and leathery | 3rd degree burn
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| Usually caused by immersion in hot liquids or prolonged exposure to hot objects | 3rd Degree Burns Cause
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| Cell cycle slows, so skin cells grow larger/irregular shapes; sulfur bond cause skin to appear scaly; dermis becomes reduced because suggests of collagen and elastin slows; fewer #s of lymphocytes cause wounds to not heal as quickly | Life Span
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| Cannot conserve heat by concentrating heat in central areas because of | Lessened vessels
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| Why do some people have darker skin than others? | More melanin
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| People who inherit mutant melanin genes have non pigmented skin | Albinism
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| Normal body temp | 37C/98.6F
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| Blood vessels break if _______ | Cut extends into dermis or subcutaneous layer
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| Newly formed cells fill the gap if ______ | The cut in shallow
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| Blood clots are made of _______ (fibrous protein) | Fibrin
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| Removed dead cells and other debris | Phagocytic cells
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| New tissue is formed and scab falls off, leaving ______ | Scab
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| Rounded masses called ______ develop in exposed tissues in large wounds | Granulations
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| Nerve impulses stimulate structures in skin and other organs to release heat in ______ | Intense heat
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| Keratinized cells become part of what in the nail? | Nail bed
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