Term Prefixes and Suffixes
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| a-, an, non | without, not
ex. apnea (not breathing)
Anurial (without urine)
nonstriated (muscle not striated)
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| ab-, ef- | away
ex. Abductor Muscle (muscle pulling away from midline- deltoid)
Efferent Neuron (carrying info away from brain)
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| ad-, af- | toward
ex. Afferent neuron (carrying info toward brain)
Adductor Muscle (muscle pulling toward midline- groin)
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| adi-, lip(o) | fat
ex. Adipose (fat tissue)
Liposuction (removing fat from body through suction)
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| alg | pain
ex. Neuralgia (nerve pain)
Fibromyalgia (muscle pain)
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| ana- | up
ex. Anabolic Reaction (building up molecules- bonding amino acids together to make proteins)
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| ang(i) | vessel
ex. Angiogenesis (making of a new blood vessel)
Vasodialator (medicines that widen a vessel)
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| ante-, pre-, pro- | before
ex. Prenatal (before birth)
Antebrachial (before the upper arm)
Promonocyte (before the monocyte is mature)
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| anti-, contra- | against, resisting
ex. Antibody (resisting a foreign body -pathogen)
Contraception (against conception- egg and sperm)
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| aqua(e)-, hydr- | water
ex. Aqueous (water solution)
Hydrocephalus (water- cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)- on the brain)
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| anthr(o), artic- | joint
ex. Arthritis (joint inflammation)
Articulation (joint where 2 points meet)
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| -ase | enzyme
ex. Maltase (enzyme breaking down maltose)
Lipase (enzyme breaking down lipids/fats)
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| audi- | hear
ex. Auditory Nerve (nerve connecting the ear to the brain)
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| aut(o)- | self
ex. Autoimmunity (self immunity- when one's antibodies attack it's own cells/tissues)
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| bi-, di-, diplo | two
ex. Bicuspid (2 pointed- tooth or heart valve)
Diencephalon (2 parts within the brain)
Diplococcus (2 round bacteria)
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| brachy-, brev(i)- | short
ex. Brachydactyly (short digits- toes/fingers)
Fibularis Brevis (short muscle in lower leg)
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| brady- | slow
ex. Bradycardia (slower than normal heart rate)
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| bronch- | airway
ex. Bronchitis (airway [bronchus] tube entering lungs- inflammation)
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| card- | heart
ex. Cardiology (study of the heart)
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| cat- | down
ex. Catabolic Reaction (breaking down molecules- protein bonds being broken to form amino acids)
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| hepat- | liver
ex. Hepatitus (inflammation of the liver (usually caused by viral infection))
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| hex- | Six
ex. Hexose (a sugar containing 6 carbons (glucose=C6H12O))
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| hist- | Tissue
ex. Histology (study of tissues)
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| hyper- | Over, Excessive
ex. Hypertonic (greater solute concentration)
Hyperesthesia (excessive _______ sensitivity)
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| hypo, infra-, infer, sub- | Under, Below, Less
ex. Hypotonic (lesser solute concentration)
Infraorbital (below eye)
Submandibular (under the jaw)
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| hyster- , metr- | Uterus
ex. Hysterectomy (cutting out of uterus)
Endometrium (inner lining of uterus (lost each month in females))
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| -iasis, -osis | Condition of
ex. Cholelithiasis (having gallstones)
Nephrosis (kidney disorder)
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| itis | Inflammation of
ex. Appendicitis (inflammation (swelling, redness, warmth, and pain ) of the appendix)
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| inter- | Between
ex. Interstitial Fluid (an extracellular fluid found between cells)
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| kilo- , milli- | 1000, 1000th
ex. Kilogram (1000 grams)
Milligram (1000th of a gram)
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| hemi- , semi- | Half
ex. Cerebral Hemisphere (one half of the brain (left or right cerebral hemisphere))
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| hem- | Blood
ex. Hemothorax (blood that has leaked into chest cavity)
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| -graphy | ...
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| -graph | Writing Apparatus
ex. Electrocardiograph (apparatus/machine used to make an electrocardiogram)
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| -gram | Something Written
ex. Electrocardiogram- ECG (print-out of the electrical cavity of the heart)
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| gyn | Women
ex. Gynecologist (doctor specializing in the treatment of females and their reproductive system)
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| gluc- , gly , -ose | Sugar
ex. Glucose (monosaccharide of carbohydrates (sugars)
Glycogen (big molecule made of glucose)
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| gloss/tt, lingu | Tongue
ex. Hypoglossal (cranial nerve connected under the tongue)
Sublingual (salivary gland under tongue)
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| glom | Ball
ex. Glomerulus (ball of capillaries in kidney where metabolic waste is filtered)
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| ger (o,i) | Aging, Old
ex. Gerontology (study of aging)
Geriatrics (branch of medicine dealing with older patients)
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| -gen, poie- , blast | Create, Form
ex. Oogensis (create an egg)
Hemopoiesis (form new blood cells)
Osteoblast (make new bone cells)
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| gastr- | Stomach
ex. Gastric Bypass Surgery (surgery for obese patients to dramatically reduce stomach size)
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| ex- , ecto- | Outside
ex. Extracellular Fluid (solute/fluid located outside of cells)
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| foram- | Opening
ex. Infraorbital Foramen (an opening in the bone below the eye for nerves and vessels to pass)
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| fasci- | Bundle
ex. Muscle or Nerve Fascicle (a bundle r grouping of muscle or nerve cells)
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| -esthe | Sensation
ex. Anesthesia (with sensation or feeling)
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| erythr- | Red
ex. Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
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| equi- , homo- , iso- | Same, Equal, Balanced
ex. Homeostasis (constant internal balance (of body function))
Isotonic (equal solute (ICF and ECF))
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| epi- | Upon, Over, Above
ex. Epidermis (layer of skin over epidermis)
Epididymis (coiled tubes above testes)
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| en- , endo- , intra- | Inside, Within
ex. Endosteum (cavity/space inside a bone)
Intraocular (inside the orbit or eye socket)
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| -emia | Blood Condition
ex. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
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| -emesis | Vomiting
ex. Hyperemesis (excessive vomiting)
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| edem- | Swelling
ex. Lymphedema (swelling of tissues due to accumulation of lymph)
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| ectop- | Displaced
ex. Ectopic Pregnancy (displaced pregnancy (embryo implant outside uterus- usually oviduct))
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| -ectomy , -tom , -sect | Cut, Cut out
ex. Appendectomy (cut out appendix)
Lobotomy (cut out cerebral (brain) lobes)
Dissect (cut in two)
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| dys- , mal- | Bad, Painful, Difficult
ex. Dyspnea (difficult breathing)
Malnutrition (bad nutrition/diet)
Malabsorption (poor nutrient absorption)
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| dia- , per- , trans | Through, Separate, Across
ex. Diarrhea (flow through intestines)
Permeable (across a membrane)
Transcutaneous (across skin)
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| dent , dont | Tooth, Teeth
ex. Dentalgia (tooth pain)
Orthodontist (doctor that straightens teeth)
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| dec (k) | 10, 1/10th
ex. Decade (10 years)
Dekagram (10 grams)
Deciliter (1/10th of a liter)
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| dactyl, digit | Finger or Toe
ex. Syndactyly (fingers or toes that are together (webbed))
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| -cyte | Cell
ex. Leukocyte (white blood cell)
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| cyan- | Blue
ex. Cyanosis (condition causing skin to turn blue (due to low oxygen levels))
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| cut , derm | Skin
ex. Subcutaneous (below the skin)
Dermatitus (skin inflammation)
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| -crine | Secrete, Release
ex. Endocrine Gland (glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream)
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| corp- , soma- | Body
ex. Corpus Luteum (yellow body (former follicle in ovary))
Somatic Cell (body cell (all non-sex cells))
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| coel- , sinu- | Cavity, Space
ex. Coelom (body cavity)
Frontal Sinus (space in the frontal bone)
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| co- , con- , sym , syn , sys- | Together, With
ex. Congenital (born with)
Synthesis (put together)
System (organs working together)
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| -clast | Osteoclast (bone breaker (cells that destroy cells, thus shaping a bone)
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| circ- , peri- | Around
ex. Circumcision (cut around)
Periodontal (around the teeth)
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| -cide | Kill
ex. Spermacide (sperm killer)
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| chondr- | Cartilage
ex. Chondrocyte (cartilage cell)
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| chol- , cystic | Gall Bladder
ex. Cholecystokinin (hormone causing gallbladder contraction)
Cystic Duct (tube (for bile) from gallbladder)
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| cephal- , -ceps | Head
ex. Hydrocephalus (water in the brain (in the head))
Biceps Femoris (2-headed (2 tendons) muscle by femur))
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| -centesis | Puncture
ex. Amniocentesis (puncture to aspirate (remove) amniotic fluid from amniotic sac)
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| cent- | 100, 100th
ex. century (100 years)
Centigram (1/100th of a gram)
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| mnem- | Memory
ex. Amnesia (loss of memory)
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| mono- , uni- | One
ex. Monozygotic (twins coming from the same zygote (twins))
Unicellular (one-celled organism)
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| morph, -plasty | Shape
ex. Morphology (differentiating/distinguishing by shape)
Rhinoplasty (nose shaping (surgical repair))
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| mort, necr | Death
ex. Post Mortem (after death)
Necrotic Tissue (dead tissue)
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| multi- , poly- | Many
ex. Multinucleate (many nuclei (ie. skeletal muscles))
Polysaccharide (many monosaccharides)
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| mut- | Change
ex. Mutation (any change in the sequence of DNA)
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| myo- | Muscle
ex. Myopathy (muscle disease)
Myofibril (skeletal muscle cell)
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| nas- , rhin | Nose
ex. Nasal Septum (division/wall in nasal cavity)
Rhinovirus (virus frequently infecting the nose)
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| nat- | Birth
ex. Prenatal (before birth)
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| neo- | New
ex. Neonatal (newborn)
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| nephr- , ren | Kidney
ex. Nephrosclerosis (hardening of the kidney)
Renal Vein (vessel carrying blood away from the kidney)
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| o(o), ovi | Egg
ex. Oophorectomy (removal of ovary (egg maker))
Oviduct (tube transporting egg to uterus)
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| oct | Eight
ex. Octet Rule (atom's desire to fill its outer shell with 8 electrons which allows bonding)
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