Preparation to final Part 3
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| Along with the nervous system, the ______ system coordinates the various activities of body parts. A) digestive B) endocrine C) circulatory D) respiratory E) excretory | endocrine
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| A moth sex attractant would be a _______. A) hormone B) neurotransmitter C) pheromone D) steroid | pheromone
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| ______ are chemical messengers that are produced in one body region but affect a different body region. A) Enzymes B) Endocrines C) Neurotransmitters D) Nucleic acids E) Hormones | Hormones
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| The endocrine system is quicker than the nervous system. A) True B) False | False
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| Certain cells respond to one hormone and not to another, depending on their receptors. A) True B) False | True
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| Hormones are substances that fall into two basic categories:___________. A) stimulator hormones and receptor hormones B) proteins and sugars C) male hormones and female hormones . D) non-steroid (peptide) hormones and steroid hormones E) inter-organ and inter-organismic | non-steroid (peptide) hormones and steroid hormones
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| Non-steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal glands, the ovaries, and the testes. A) True B) False | False
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| The receptors for non-steroid peptide hormones are on the ______. A) plasma membrane B) nuclear envelope C) DNA receptor complex D) peptide chain | plasma membrane
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| Non-steroid peptide hormones enter the cell. A) True B) False | False
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| Steroid hormones do NOT bind to plasma membrane receptors. A) True B) False | True
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| Steroid hormones lead to the ______ . A) destruction of normal DNA B) replication of hormones by the cell DNA C) synthesis of new enzymes D) alteration of the Krebs cycle E) better health and longer life | replication of hormones by the cell DNA
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| The pituitary is located beneath the thalamus in the brain. A) True B) False | True
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| The hypothalamus regulates ___________. A) heart rate B) body temperature C) water balance D) glandular secretions E) all of the above | all of the above
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| The pituitary gland is divided into two portions: the posterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary. A) True B) False | True
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| The posterior pituitary stores and secretes _________. A) ADH and oxytocin B) growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone C) estrogen and testosterone D) aldosterone and cortisone E) adrenalin and insulin | ADH and oxytocin
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| ADH promotes the expulsion of water from the collecting duct, a portion of the nephron. A) True B) False | False
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| The function(s) of oxytocin is/are to ______________. A) cause the uterus to contract B) induce labor C) stimulate the release of milk from the mother's mammary glands when her baby is nursing. D) all of the above | all of the above
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| Hypothalamic releasing and release-inhibiting hormones are transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary by way of __________. A) the general bloodstream B) a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs C) direct contact between the two organs D) a cascade of release-inhibit-release-etc. interactions | a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs
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| Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that have a direct effect on the body, rather than trigger another gland, are __________. A) GH, prolactin, and MSH B) TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones C) testosterone and estrogen D) FH, LSH and progesterone | GH, prolactin, and MSH
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| GH promotes __________. A) cell division B) protein synthesis C) bone growth D) all of the above | all of the above
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| Which hormone dramatically affects physical appearance? A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone B) growth C) steroid D) male and female | growth
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| If the production of GH increases in an adult after full height has been attained, only certain bones respond and result in acromegaly. A) True B) False | True
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| Prolactin is produced in quantity throughout every person's life. A) True B) False | False
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| In humans, MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) ___________. A) regulates primary skin color B) causes the thyroid to produce thyroxin C) governs the rate of tanning D) concentration is very low | concentration is very low
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| An overproduction of GH in adults causes a condition called ______. A) hyperthyroidism B) acromegaly C) a pituitary giant | acromegaly
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| The parathyroid glands are located __________ . A) below the thyroid, hence the name "para" B) above the thyroid, hence the name "para" C) imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland D) distant from the thyroid but named because there are two and they resemble the thyroid glands | imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
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| The thyroid gland is attached to the trachea just above the larynx. A) True B) False | False
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| If ______ is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges, producing a goiter. A) thyroxin B) iron C) iodine D) calcium E) phosphorus | iodine
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| Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid hormones, do not have a specific target organ; instead, they stimulate most of the cells of the body to metabolize at a faster rate. A) True B) False | True
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| If the thyroid fails to develop properly from childhood, a condition called ______ results. A) goiter B) cretinism C) acromegaly D) pituitary dwarfism E) myxedema | cretinism
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| Hypothyroidism in adults produces a condition called _________ . A) goiter B) cretinism C) acromegaly D) pituitary dwarfism E) myxedema | myxedema
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| In addition to thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid gland produces ________. A) TSH B) ACTH C) calcitonin D) FSH E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone | calcitonin
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| Calcitonin ____________. A) regulates the calcium level in blood B) is balanced by the action of parathyroid hormone C) increases the deposit of calcium in bone D) all of the above | all of the above
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| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ___________. A) stops the absorption of calcium from the intestine B) stimulates the release of calcium by the kidneys C) causes blood calcium level to decrease D) causes blood phosphate level to decrease E) all of the above | causes blood phosphate level to decrease
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| If insufficient PTH is produced, the blood calcium level drops, resulting in ______. A) reduced growth in childhood or parathyroid dwarfism B) tetany, where the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction C) osteoporosis D) blood clotting E) exophthalmic goiter | tetany, where the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction
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| In tetany, the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction. A) True B) False | True
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| Calcium plays an important role in __________. A) neural conduction B) muscle contraction C) blood clotting D) all of the above | all of the above
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| The adrenal glands consist of _________. A) the inner and outer layer of the kidney B) the inner medulla and the outer cortex C) lower adrenal and upper paradrenal sections D) ACTH and BCTH sections | the inner medulla and the outer cortex
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| The medulla and the cortex portions of the adrenal glands function together as a physiological unit. A) True B) False | False
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| The adrenal medulla secretes ______ under conditions of stress. A) norepinephrine B) epinephrine C) both of the above | both of the above
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| The adrenal ______ secretes a small amount of both sex hormones. A) medulla B) cortex C) accessory gland | cortex
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| Cortisol is a ___________. A) sex hormone B) glucocorticoid C) mineralocorticoid | glucocorticoid
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| ACTH controls the secretion of ___________. A) cortisol B) aldosterone C) epinephrine D) testosterone | cortisol
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| Aldosterone regulates the blood sodium and potassium levels. A) True B) False | True
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| The primary target organ of aldosterone is _________. A) the liver B) the pancreas C) the kidney D) all of the above | the kidney
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| The heart produces a hormone that acts to increase aldosterone. A) True B) False | False
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| Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones result in __________. A) Addison disease B) Cushing syndrome C) diabetes D) tetany E) goiter | Addison disease
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| A person with Addison disease ___________. A) is unable to replenish blood glucose levels under stressful conditions B) develops dramatically more male features C) develops a rounded face and edema D) has overgrowth of hands and face E) all of the above | is unable to replenish blood glucose levels under stressful conditions
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| A person with Cushing syndrome has a tendency toward diabetes mellitus. A) True B) False | True
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| The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine tissue. A) True B) False | True
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| The pancreatic endocrine tissues are called pancreatic islets. A) True B) False | True
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| There is/are ______ type(s) of diabetes mellitus. A) one B) three C) two D) five | two
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| The pancreatic islets produce __________. A) insulin and glucagon B) pancreatin C) ACTH and aldosterone D) pancreatic digestive enzymes | insulin and glucagon
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| Insulin functions to __________. A) promote the storage of nutrients B) lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat and muscle cells to metabolize glucose C) stimulate uptake of glucose by cells D) all of the above | stimulate uptake of glucose by cells
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| Glucagon increases the action of insulin. A) True B) False | False
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| In __________ diabetes the pancreas is NOT producing insulin. A) type I B) type II C) type III D) all forms of | type I
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| It is believed that type I diabetes is brought on by an environmental agent, probably a virus. A) True B) False | True
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| Type II diabetes usually occurs in people who are obese and inactive. A) True B) False | True
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| In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but the live and muscle cells do NOT respond to it. A) True B) False | True
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| The ______ are the male sex hormones. A) androgens B) estrogens C) aldosterones D) insulins E) pheromones | androgens
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| Anabolic steroids are ______ forms of testosterone. A) natural B) synthetic C) super-active D) ineffective | synthetic
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| The thymus increases in size with aging. A) True B) False | False
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| The thymus aids the differentiation of ______ cells. A) red blood B) B C) T D) cancerous | T
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| The _________ produces the hormone melatonin. A) pituitary gland B) pineal gland C) thyroid gland D) pancreatic gland E) hypothalamus | pineal gland
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| Melatonin is involved with circadian rhythms. A) True B) False | True
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| The family of chemical messengers that causes the pain and discomfort of menstruation are ___________. A) ADH B) progesterones C) prostaglandins D) steroids | prostaglandins
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| _________ helps reduce pain because it inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins. A) Cyanide B) Acetominophen C) Serotonin D) Aspirin | Aspirin
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| All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT: adrenal glands sebaceous glands pineal glands pituitary glands | sebaceous glands
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| Hormones that enter target cells and bind to receptors in the nucleus are called steroid hormones. water soluble hormones. peptide hormones. second messengers. | steroid hormones.
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| The hormones regulating blood calcium levels are insulin and glucagon. glycogen and parathyroid hormone. parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. estrogen and progesterone. | parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
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| All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary EXCEPT human growth hormone (GH). follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). parathyroid hormone(PTH). thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). | parathyroid hormone(PTH).
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| Anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. anterior pituitary gland. thyroid gland. adrenal gland. | posterior pituitary gland.
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| Calcitonin is a hormone of the adrenal cortex. thyroid gland. pituitary gland. thymus gland. | thyroid gland.
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| Mineralcorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex. are steroid hormones. help regulate the homeostasis of sodium and potasium. all of the above. | all of the above.
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| Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response? epinephrine and norepinephrine. insulin and glucagon. esrtogen and progesterone. thyroxin and melatonin. | epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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| The gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland is the thyroid. thymus. pancreas. pituitary. | pancreas.
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| Glucagon accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose. slows down glucose formation from lactic acid. decreases the conversion of glycogen into glucose. speeds up protein synthesis within cells. | accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
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| Which gland makes hormones that help you grow and stay full of energy? A) Thyroid B) Adrenal C) Muscle D) Pituitary | Thyroid
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| What is your largest endocrine gland? A) Adrenal B) Tummy C) Pituitary D) Pancreas | Pancreas
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| The beta cells in the pancreas secrete which hormone? anti-diuretic hormone insulin glucagon | insulin
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| What is one of the main roles of thyroxin? to increase the basal metabolic rate to decrease the basal metabolic rate to increase glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells | to increase the basal metabolic rate
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| What are steroid hormones made of? minerals lipids proteins | lipids
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| Which one of these in NOT a function of estrogen? increasing metabolism the stimulation of endometrial growth decreasing metabolism | decreasing metabolism
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| What kind of hormone is estrogen? mono-amine steroid hormone neurotransmitter | steroid hormone
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| What is the main function of cortisol? to decrease the blood glucose levels to increase water re absorption to increase the blood glucose levels |
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| Which of these is NOT an indicator of an overactive thyroid? |
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