Disease
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| bacteria | simple microscopic organisms that are widespread throughout the world, some can produce disease; singular: bacterium
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| cocci | round bacteria; may be in clusters (staphylococci), chains (streptococci), and other formations; singular: coccus
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| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria; singular: bacillus
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| vibrios | short curved rods
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| spirochetes | corkscrew-shaped bacteria that move with a twisting motion
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| chlamydia | extremely small bacteria with complex life cycles that grow in living cells but, unlike viruses, are susceptible to antibiotics
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| rickettsia | extremely small bacteria that grow in living cells that are susceptible to antibiotics
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| viruses | submicroscopic infectious agents that can live and reproduce only within living cells
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| fungi | simple, nongreen plants, some of which are parasitic; includes yeasts and molds; singular: fungus
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| protozoa | single-celled animals; singular: protozoon
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| helminths | worms
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| acute | Sudden, severe; having a short course
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| benign | Not recurrent or malignant, favorable for recovery, describing a tumor that does not spread (metastasize) to other tissues
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| carcinoma | A malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells (from Greek root carcino, meaning "crab") (adjective: carcinomatous)
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| chronic | Of long duration, progressing slowly
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| cyst | An abnormal filled sac or pouch; used as a root meaning a normal bladder or sac, such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder (root: cyst/o)
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| edema | Accumulation of fluid in the tissues, swelling; adjective: edematous
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| etiology | The cause of a disease
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| Gram stain | A laboratory staining procedure that divides bacteria into two groups: Gram-positive, which stain purple, and Gram-negative, which stain red
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| hernia | Protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening; commonly called a rupture
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| immunity | All our defenses against infectious disease
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| inflammation | A localized response to tissue injury characterized by heat, pain, redness, and swelling
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| lesion | A distinct area of damaged tissue an injury or wound
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| malignant | Growing worse, harmful, tending to cause death, describing an invasive tumor that spread (metastasize) to other tissues
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| metastasis | Spread from one part of the body to another, characteristic of cancer; verb is metastasize, adjective: metastatic; from Greek met/a (beyond, change) + stasis (stand)
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| microorganism | An organism too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope
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| necrosis | Death of tissue (root necr/o means "death"); adjective: necrotic
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| neoplasia | An abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue; from prefix neo- meaning "new" and root plasm meaning "formation"
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| parasite | An organism that grows on or in another organism (the host), causing damage to it
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| pathogen | An organism capable of causing disease (root path/o means "disease")
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| phagocytosis | The ingestion of organisms, such as invading bacteria or small particles of waste material by a cell (root phag/o means "to eat"); the phagocytic cell, or phagocyte, then destroys the ingested material
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| prolapse | A dropping or downward displacement of an organ or part, ptosis
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| pus | A product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells
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| sarcoma | A malignant neoplasm arising from connective tissue (from Greek root sarco, meaning "flesh"); adjective: sarcomatous
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| sepsis | The presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or other tissues; adjective: septic
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| toxin | A poison; adjective: toxic (roots: tox/o, toxic/o)
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| trauma | A physical or psychologic wound or injury
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| alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o | pain
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| carcin/o | cancer, carcinoma
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| cyst/o | filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder
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| lith | calculus, stone
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| onc/o | tumor
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| path/o | disease
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| py/o | pus
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| pyr/o, pyret/o | fever, fire
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| scler/o | hard
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| tox/o, toxic/o | poison
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| brady- | slow
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| dys- | abnormal, painful, difficult
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| mal- | bad, poor
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| pachy- | thick
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| tachy- | rapid
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| xero- | dry
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| -algia, -algesia | pain
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| -cele | hernia, localized dilation
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| -clasis, -clasia | breaking
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -odynia | pain
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| -oma | tumor
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| -pathy | any disease of
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| -rhage, -rhagia | bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage
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| -rhea | flow, discharge
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| -rhexis | rupture
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| -schisis | fissure, splitting
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| dilation, dilatation | expansion, widening
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| ectasia, ectasis | dilation, dilatation, distension
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| lysis | separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction
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| malacia | softening
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| ptosis | dropping, downward displacement, prolapse
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| sclerosis | hardening
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| spasm | sudden contraction, cramp
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| stasis | suppression, stoppage
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| stenosis | narrowing, constriction
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| staphylo | grape-like cluster
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| strepto- | twisted chain
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| bacill/i, bacill/o | bacillus
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| bacteri/o | bacterium
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| myc/o | fungus, mold
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| vir/o | virus
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| acid-fast stain | A laboratory staining procedure used mainly to identify the tuberculosis (TB) organism
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| communicable | Capable of passing from one person to another, such as an infectious disease
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| endemic | Occurring at a low level but continuously in a given region, such as the common cold (from en-, meaning "in" and Greek demos, meaning "people")
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| epidemic | Affecting many people in a given region at the same time, a disease that breaks out in a large proportion of a population at a given time
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| exacerbation | Worsening of disease, increase in severity of a disease or its symptoms
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| iatrogenic | Caused by the effects of treatment (from Greek root iatro-, meaning "physician")
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| idiopathic | Having no known cause (root idio means "self-originating")
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| in situ | Localized, noninvasive (literally "in position"); said of tumors that do not spread, such as carcinoma in situ (CIS)
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| normal flora | The microorganisms that normally live on or in the body and are generally harmless and often beneficial but can cause disease under special circumstances, such as injury or failure of the immune system
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| nosocomial | Describing an infection acquired in a hospital (root nos/o means "disease," and comial refers to a hospital), which can be a serious problem
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| opportunistic | Describing an infection that occurs because of a host's poor or altered condition
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| pandemic | Describing a disease that is prevalent throughout an entire region or the world; for example, AIDS is pandemic in certain regions of the world
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| remission | A lessening of disease symptoms, the period during which such lessening occurs
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| septicemia | Presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood, blood poisoning
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| systemic | Pertaining to the whole body
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| abscess | A localized collection of pus
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| adhesion | A uniting of two surfaces or parts that may normally be separated
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| anaplasia | Lack of normal differentiation, as shown by cancer cells
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| ascites | Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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| cellulitis | A spreading inflammation of tissue
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| effusion | Escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part
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| exudate | Material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of tissue injury
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| fissure | A groove or split
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| fistula | An abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the surface of the body
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| gangrene | Death of tissue, usually caused by lack of blood supply; may be associated with bacterial infection and decomposition
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| hyperplasia | Excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement
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| hypertrophy | An increase in the size of an organ without increase in the number of cells; may result from an increase in activity, as in muscles
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| induration | Hardening, an abnormally hard spot or place
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| metaplasia | Conversion of cells to a form that is not normal for that tissue (prefix meta- means "change")
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| polyp | A tumor attached by a thin stalk
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| purulent | Forming or containing pus
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| suppuration | Pus formation
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| AF | Acid fast
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| CA, Ca | Cancer
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| CIS | Carcinoma in situ
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| FUO | Fever of unknown origin
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| Gm+ | Gram-positive
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| Gm- | Gram-negative
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| MDR | Multi-drug resistant
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| MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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| Staph | Staphylococcus
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| Strep | Streptococcus
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| VRSA | Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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