Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Terms
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| achromatopsia | Severe congenital deficiency in color perception; also called complete color blindness
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| chalazion | Small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst
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| conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye; may be secondary to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or allergy
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| convergence | Medial movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed
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| diopter | Measurement of refractive error
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| ectropion | Eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid
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| emmetropia (Em) | State of normal vision
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| entropion | Inversion or inward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid
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| epiphora | Abnormal overflow of tears
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| exophthalmos | Protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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| hordeolum | Localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called stye
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| metamorphopsia meta-: change; beyond | Visual distortion of objects
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| nyctalopia nyctal: night | Impaired vision in dim light; also called night blindness
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| nystagmus | Involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision
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| papilledema | Edema and hyperemia of the optic disc usually associated with increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disc
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| photophobia | Unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light
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| presbyopia | Loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process
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| retinopathy | Any disorder of retinal blood vessels
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| diabetic | Disorder that occurs in patients with diabetes and is manifested by small hemorrhages, edema, and formation of new vessels on the retina, leading to scarring and eventual loss of vision
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| trachoma | Chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in the southwestern United States that typically leads to blindness
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| visual field | Area within which objects may be seen when the eye is in a fixed position
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| anacusis | Complete deafness; also called anacusia
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| conduction impairment | Blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear (conduction pathway)
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| labyrinthitis | Inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process
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| Ménière disease | Disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing
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| noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) | Condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are “too long, too loud, or too close”
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| otitis externa | Infection of the external auditory canal
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| presbyacusis | Impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called presbyacusia
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| pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes | Tubes that are inserted through the tympanic membrane, commonly to treat chronic otitis media; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes
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| tinnitus | Perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present
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| vertigo | Hallucination of movement, or a feeling of spinning or dizziness
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