Dr. Cutler SU-Articulation+Motion-Muscle Tissue-Muscular System
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| articulation/arthrosis | point of contact between bones, cartilage, or teeth
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| arthology | study of joints
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| joint stability | ligaments + interosseous membranes
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| connective tissues | restrictive + elastic
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| classes of STRUCTURAL joints (connective tissue) | fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
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| classes of FUNCTIONAL joints (movement) | synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
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| synarthrosis | immoveable-epiphyseal growth plate
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| amphiarthrosis | slightly movable-pubic symphysis
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| diarthrosis | freely movable
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| fibrous joints | these area all synarthrotic (immovable)
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| suture | fused skull bones, immovable
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| syndesmosis | wrist and ankle with slight movement
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| gomphosis | tooth and socket connection
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| fibrocartilage pad | grows inside joint cavity-knees + tmj
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| synovial joints | diarthrotic-joint cavity, fibrous capsule, ligaments
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| gliding plane joint | between the nasal bones of the foot and the carpal bones of the wrist
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| hinge joint | between the trochlea of humerus and the trochlear notch of ulna at the elbow, knees, and fingers
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| pivot joint | head of radius and radial notch of ulna or odontoid prowess of axis and atlas
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| condyloid joint | between the distal arm and wrist bones and between the distal leg and ankle bones
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| saddle joint | between the trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb
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| ball and socket joint | between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone
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| osteoarthritis | wear and tear on cartilage
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| rheumatoid arthritis | pannus
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| gouty arthritis | uric acid build up
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| lyme disease | dear tick; bullseye rash
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| ankylosing spondylitis | fusion if vertebrae
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| flexion | decrease angle of 2 bones
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| extension | increase angle of 2 bones
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| lateral flexion | side bending
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| aBduction | away from midline
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| aDduction | to the midline
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| rotation | turn on a axis
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| pronation | palm down
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| supination | palm up
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| eversion | sole of foot outward
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| inversion | sole of foot inward
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| circumduction | form a cone (make circle in the air)
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| dorsiflexion | foot and toes up
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| plantarflextion | foot and toes down
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| skeletal muscle tissue | voluntary, striated (striped) moves bones and joints
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| cardiac muscle tissue | involuntary, pacemaker cells, intercalated discs
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| smooth muscle tissues | involuntary, hollow organs (GI tract), blood vessels
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| properties of muscle tissue - excite | responsive to stimulus from nervous system (stretching)
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| properties of muscle tissue - contract | tension created when muscle is stimulated; shortening causes pull on bones or movement
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| properties of muscle tissue - elastic | recoils to resting length after tension is removed
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| properties of muscle tissue - extends | extends when opposing muscle is contracted (flexed)
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| functions of muscle tissue | body movement, posture, temp regulation, storage and movement of materials, support
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| fascicle | bundle of muscle fibers ("belly of a muscle")
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| muscle fibers | another name for a muscle cell
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| sarcomere | contractile unit of a muscle fiber
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum | hollow tubes that stores calcium
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| ct in muscles | encircles each individual muscle fiber, group of muscle fiber and the entire muscle itself
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| endomysium | intermost layer surrounds each muscle fiber
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| perimysium | surrounds fascicles
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| epimysium | outermost layer surrounds entire skeletal muscle
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| deep fascia | separates individual muscles, binds together muscles with similar functions, fills space between muscles
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| superficial fascia | separates muscle from skin
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| tendon | where connective tissue layers MERGE at the end of a muscle, attach muscle to bone
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| aponeurosis | a thin, flat sheet of tendon
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| origin | the less moveable attachment of a muscle, usually promimal
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| insertion | the more moveable attachment of a muscle, usually distal
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| motor neurons | nerve cells that stimulate muscles contraction
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| axon | nerve fiber
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| neuromuscular junction | junction between axon and muscle fiber itself
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| sarcolemma | plasma membrane of muscle fiber, TRANSVERSE TUBULES (T-TUBULES), transmits nerve signal
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| sarcoplasm | cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) | reservoir for calcium ions, TERMINAL CISTERNAE
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| myofibril | long cylinder shaped structures in a skeletal muscle fiber, shorten during muscle contraction
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| myofilaments | make up myofibrils: ACTIN & MYOSIN PROTEINS
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| actin | thin filament, have binding cites for myosin(girl)
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| myosin | thick filament, heads of myosin stick out toward actin, binding site for actin (boy)
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| troponin | bound to actin holds tropomyosin in place so it can cover the myosin binding site
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| tropomyosin | bound to actin, covers the myosin binding site, moves away from actin when she gets a "kiss"
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| contractile proteins | myosin + actin
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| regulatory proteins | troponin + tropomyosin
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| fascicle organization (muscle pattern) | parallel, convergent, pennate, circular
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| third class lever | most common lever
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| most running injuries involve | the knee
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