15 Muscles ~ Action, Origin & Insertion
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| Action:Bilaterally: Extends the vertebral columnUnilaterally: Laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same side | Erector Spinae Group
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| Origin: Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar, and last two thoracic vertebrae | Erector Spinae Group
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| Insertion: Various attachments at the posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and vertebrae, and mastoid process of temporal bone | Erector Spinae Group
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| Action: Flexes the vertebral column | Rectus abdominis
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| Origin: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis | Rectus abdominis
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| Insertion: Cartilage of fifth, sixth and seventh ribs and xiphoid process | Rectus abdominis
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| Action: Bilaterally: Flexes the vertebral column, compresses abdominal contentsUnilaterally: Laterally flexes vertebral column to the same side, rotates vertebral column to same side | Internal oblique
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| Origin: Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia | Internal oblique
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| Action:Bilaterally: Flexes the vertebral column, compresses abdominal contentsUnilaterally: laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same side, rotates the vertebral column to the opposite side | External oblique
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| Origin: Lower eight ribs | External oblique
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| Insertion: Anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba | External Oblique
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| Insertion: Internal surface of lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba | Internal oblique
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| Action:Unilaterally: Laterally tilt the pelvis, laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same sideBilaterally: Assists to extend the vertebral column, fixes the last rib during inhalation and forced exhalation | Quadratus lumborum
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| Origin: Posterior iliac crest | Quadratus lumborum
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| Insertion: Last rib, transverse processes of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae | Quadratus Lumborum
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| Action:All Fibers: Extend the hip (coxal joint), laterally rotate the hip, abduct the hipLower Fibers: Adduct the hip | Gluteus maximus
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| Origin: Coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments | Gluteus maximus
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| Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity (upper fibers), and iliotibial tract (lower fibers) | Gluteus maxiums
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| Action: Flexes the hip (coxal joint), laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint), adducts the hip (coxal joint) | Psoas major and Iliacus (Iliopsoas)
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| Origin: Psoas major - Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, iliacus - iliac fossa | Psoas major and Iliacus (Iliopsoas)
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| Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur | Psoas major and Iliacus (Iliopsoas)
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| Action: Laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the thigh when hip flexed | Piroformis
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| Origin: Anterior surface of the sacrum | Piroformis
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| Insertion: Greater trochanter | Piroformis
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| Action:All fibers: Abduct the hip (coxal joint)Anterior fibers: Flex the hip, Medially rotate the hipPosterior fibers: Extend the hip, Laterally rotate the hip | Gluteus medius
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| Origin: Gluteal surface of the ilium between iliac crest and posterior and anterior gluteal lines | Gluteus medius
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| Insertion: Greater trochanter | Gluteus medius
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| Action: Flex the hip, medially rotate the hip, abduct the hip | Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
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| Origin: Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS | Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
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| Insertion: Iliotibial tract | Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
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| Action: Invert the foot, Plantarflex the ankle | Tibialis posterior
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| Origin: Proximal posterior shaft of tibia, proximal fibula, interosseous membrane | Tibialis posterior
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| Insertion: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of second through fourth metatarsals | Tibialis posterior
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| Action: Evert the foot, assists to plantarflex the ankle (talocrural joint) | Peroneus longus
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| Origin: Proximal two thirds of lateral fibula | Peroneus longus
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| Insertion: Base of the first metatarsal, medial cuniform | Peroneus longus
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| Action: Extend the 2nd to 5th toes, Dorsiflex the ankle, Evert the food | Extensor digitorum longus
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| Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane | Extensor digitorum longus
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| Insertion Middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd thru 5th toes | Extensor digitorum longus
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| Action: Extend the second thru fifth fingers, Assist to extend the wrist (radiocarpal joint) | Extensor digitorum
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| Origin: Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerous | Extensor digitorum
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| Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd thru 5th fingers | Extensor digitorum
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| Action: Flex the wrist, abduct the wrist, flex the elbow | Flexor carpi radialis
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| Origin: Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle | Flexor carpi radialis
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| Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals | Flexor carpi radialis
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