NAU Cardiovascular
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| Describe Blood Flow | Rt Atrium- Tricuspid Valve- Rt Ventricle- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve-Pulm Trunk- Pulm Arteries- Lungs-Pulm Veins-Left Atrium-Bicuspid Valve- Lt Ventricle- Aortic Semilunar Valve- Ascending Aorta- Aortic Arch-Descending Aorta-Organ-Inf/Sup Vena Cava
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| Coverings of the heart, inside out | Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium, Pericardical Cavity with Pericardial fluid, Parietal Pericardium, Pericardial sac/ Fibrous Pericardium
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| Makes up Pericardium, inside out | Serous Pericardium and Fibrous Pericardium
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| Makes up Serous Pericardium | Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium, Pericardical Cavity with Pericardial fluid, Parietal Pericardium
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| Made up of simple squamous epithelial tissue, inside the heart that coats valves and chambers | Endocardium
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| The muscle wall, when given a % capacity, this is the amount of muscle left that is viable. In atrium is smaller and in the ventricles is bigger. | Myocardium
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| Damage to this muscle of the heart is called: | Myocardial Infarction
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| Serous membrane sac that surrounds the heart and divides it in half | Pericardium or Serous pericardium
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| Outermost layer of the heart proper. Is a thin membrane. | Visceral pericardium or Epicardium
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| Holds pericardial fluid, which functions to reduce friction during beating, so the heart does not erode. | Pericardial Cavity
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| Outermost layer of the sac, separates heart from the rest of the cavity. Attaches to top of the diaphragm. | Fibrous Pericardium
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| Is created by the pericardial sac. | Mediastinum
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| Spaces in the heart | Chambers
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| Upper portion of heart that accepts blood | Atrial
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| Lower portion of the heart that moves blood | Ventricle
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| Divisions of the heart | Chambers, Great Vessels, Valves
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| Name the great vessels | Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Pulmonary Trunk, Aortic Arch
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| Chamber divisions: | Upper and Lower
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| Types of valves: | Tricuspid, Bicuspid (Mitral), Pulmonary Valve, Aortic Valve
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| Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart from the head, neck, upper extremities and top half of thoracic cavity and drains the blood into the right atrium. | Superior Vena Cava
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| Brings blood to the heart from the legs, lower extremities and lower half of the thoracic cavity. | Inferior Vena Cava
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| Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the pulmonary arteries that lead to each lung. | Pulmonary Trunk
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| Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. | Aortic Arch
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| Atricular valve on the right side of the heart. Has 3 flaps called chordae tendinae, which keeps the valves from snapping back & from causing backflow by closing the valve. Anchors to papillary muscles. | Tricuspid Valve
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| Valve on the left side, has 2 flaps, blood returning to lungs. | Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
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| Valve which has 3 flaps, which are half-mooned shape. Names after where the blood is going. Is going to the lungs. | Pulmonary Valves
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| Has a flap that opens and closes, keeps the blood flowing in one direction. | Valve
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| Known as big vessels | Trunk
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| Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute. Is efficiency and speed | Cardiac Output
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| Cardiac Output is made up of: | Diastole and Systole
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| Sound of relaxation | Diastole
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| Sound of contraction, moving blood to its destination | Systole
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| A defect in how the valves open and close | Heart Murmur
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| Amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat. Efficiency is reduced. | Stroke Volume
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| The speed at which the heart beats | Heart Value
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| CO=HRxSV (Blood Pressure) | Cardiac Output Equation
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| Classifications of Heart Disease | Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Congenital Heart Disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Heart Failure
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| Inflammation of the lining of the heart | Endocarditis
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| Inflammation of the muscle of the heart | Myocarditis
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| Inflammation of the sac. Can burn off fluid in the sac, causing chest pains | Pericarditis
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| Problems with the heart that started at birth | Congenital Heart Disease
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| Brought on by Rheumatic fever, which created scar tissue over the heart values | Rheumatic Heart Disease
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| Involves the formation of plaque along the vessel walls | CAD or Coronary Artery Disease
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| The inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions | Heart Failure
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| Risk factors of heart disease that CANNOT be modified | Age, Body Type, Heredity, Gender
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| Risk factors of heart disease that CAN be modified | Smoking, Physical activity, blood pressure, diet, weight, diabetes & gout
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| Cardiac conduction system | 1. Synoatrial node (SA Node) 2. Atrial Ventricular Node (AV Node) 3. Atrial Ventricular Bundle or Bundle of His 4. Purkinje Fibers
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| Pacemaker | Synoatrial node (SA Node)
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| Little cluster of nervous tissue between atrium & ventricles. Located in inner atrial septum. Functions to delay the impulse, so the atria can drain completely before the ventricles contract. | Atrial Ventricular Node (AV Node
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| Runs along the inner ventricular septum on either side & everything terminates at the Purkinje Fibers | Atrial Ventricular Bundle or Bundle of His
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| Permeates each end of the myocardial cell, so they contract at the same time | Purkinje Fibers
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| Heart measurements | p-wave, t-wave, QRS
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| Depolarization of the atria | p-wave
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| Repolarization of the ventricles | t-wave
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| Depolarization of the ventricles | QRS
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| Blood vessels or vascularization of tissues | Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
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| Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward tissues. | Arteries
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| Smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward tissues. | Arterioles
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| Tiny, thin walled vessels that allow exchanges from the vessels to & from the tissues | Capillaries
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| Smaller vessels that carry blood toward the heart from the tissues. | Venules
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| Large vessels that carry blood toward the heart from the tissues. Have one-way directional flow with valves that shut down to keep blood flow in one direction. | Veins
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| Lines blood vessels | Tunica Interna
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| Gives elasticity to the artery. Gives the ability to relax & contract in conjunction with pressure from fluid of the heart. | Tunica Media
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| The outer layer of blood vessels | Tunca Externa
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| Makes up vessel structures | Arteries and Veins
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| There are no veins in these areas of the body. | Abdominal and Thoracic
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| All venous names are similar except for these names: | Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Internal Jugular, External Jugular
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| Major vascular branches or arteries | Brachiocephalic Trunk, Left Common Carotid, Left Subclavian, Thoracic Aorta, Abdominal Aorta
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| First branch off the aortic arch | Brachiocephalic Trunk
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| Artery which leads to the left side of the head. Optimal place to check pulse | Left Common Carotid Artery
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| Artery which goes under clavicle to left arm | Left Subclavian Artery
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| Artery which supplies esophagus and intercostals; branches to the chest | Thoracic Aorta
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| Artery which leads to abdomen and GI tract | Abdominal Aorta
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| Artery which leads to right side of the head | Right Common Carotid Artery
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| Artery which goes under the clavicle and leads to right arm | Right Subclavian Artery
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| Brachiocephalic Trunk divides into: | Right Common Carotid Artery and Right Subclavian Artery
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| Abdominal aorta divides into: | Phrenic Artery, Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Inferior Mesenteric Artery, Renal Arteries
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| Artery which brings blood supply to diaphragm | Phrenic Artery
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| Artery which goes to the organs of the upper digestive tract | Celiac Trunk
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| Artery which gives blood supply to first part of the GI tract, small intestine and first half of the colon/large intestine | Superior Mesenteric Artery
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| Artery that gives blood supply to the lateral half of colon/large intestine, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal and rectum. Also handles nutrients and wastes. | Inferior Mesenteric Artery
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| Paired arteries that go to each kidney proper. | Renal Arteries
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| Celiac trunk divides into: | Splenic artery, Gastric artery, Common hepatic artery
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| Artery which goes to the spleen | Splenic artery
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| Artery which goes to the stomach | Gastric artery
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| Artery which goes to the liver | Common hepatic artery
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| Renal artery divides and splits into: Is usually paired | Renal arteries and Supra adrenal arteries
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| Paired arteries that go to adrenal glands | Supra adrenal arteries
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| The force of ventricular contraction which is transmitted as a wave of increased pressure in the artery. | Pulse
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| Forms the inner lining of the fibrous pericardium or pericardial sac | Parietal Pericardium
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