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NAU A&P 15
NAU Cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe Blood Flow | Rt Atrium- Tricuspid Valve- Rt Ventricle- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve-Pulm Trunk- Pulm Arteries- Lungs-Pulm Veins-Left Atrium-Bicuspid Valve- Lt Ventricle- Aortic Semilunar Valve- Ascending Aorta- Aortic Arch-Descending Aorta-Organ-Inf/Sup Vena Cava |
| Coverings of the heart, inside out | Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium, Pericardical Cavity with Pericardial fluid, Parietal Pericardium, Pericardial sac/ Fibrous Pericardium |
| Makes up Pericardium, inside out | Serous Pericardium and Fibrous Pericardium |
| Makes up Serous Pericardium | Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium, Pericardical Cavity with Pericardial fluid, Parietal Pericardium |
| Made up of simple squamous epithelial tissue, inside the heart that coats valves and chambers | Endocardium |
| The muscle wall, when given a % capacity, this is the amount of muscle left that is viable. In atrium is smaller and in the ventricles is bigger. | Myocardium |
| Damage to this muscle of the heart is called: | Myocardial Infarction |
| Serous membrane sac that surrounds the heart and divides it in half | Pericardium or Serous pericardium |
| Outermost layer of the heart proper. Is a thin membrane. | Visceral pericardium or Epicardium |
| Holds pericardial fluid, which functions to reduce friction during beating, so the heart does not erode. | Pericardial Cavity |
| Outermost layer of the sac, separates heart from the rest of the cavity. Attaches to top of the diaphragm. | Fibrous Pericardium |
| Is created by the pericardial sac. | Mediastinum |
| Spaces in the heart | Chambers |
| Upper portion of heart that accepts blood | Atrial |
| Lower portion of the heart that moves blood | Ventricle |
| Divisions of the heart | Chambers, Great Vessels, Valves |
| Name the great vessels | Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Pulmonary Trunk, Aortic Arch |
| Chamber divisions: | Upper and Lower |
| Types of valves: | Tricuspid, Bicuspid (Mitral), Pulmonary Valve, Aortic Valve |
| Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart from the head, neck, upper extremities and top half of thoracic cavity and drains the blood into the right atrium. | Superior Vena Cava |
| Brings blood to the heart from the legs, lower extremities and lower half of the thoracic cavity. | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the pulmonary arteries that lead to each lung. | Pulmonary Trunk |
| Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. | Aortic Arch |
| Atricular valve on the right side of the heart. Has 3 flaps called chordae tendinae, which keeps the valves from snapping back & from causing backflow by closing the valve. Anchors to papillary muscles. | Tricuspid Valve |
| Valve on the left side, has 2 flaps, blood returning to lungs. | Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve |
| Valve which has 3 flaps, which are half-mooned shape. Names after where the blood is going. Is going to the lungs. | Pulmonary Valves |
| Has a flap that opens and closes, keeps the blood flowing in one direction. | Valve |
| Known as big vessels | Trunk |
| Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute. Is efficiency and speed | Cardiac Output |
| Cardiac Output is made up of: | Diastole and Systole |
| Sound of relaxation | Diastole |
| Sound of contraction, moving blood to its destination | Systole |
| A defect in how the valves open and close | Heart Murmur |
| Amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat. Efficiency is reduced. | Stroke Volume |
| The speed at which the heart beats | Heart Value |
| CO=HRxSV (Blood Pressure) | Cardiac Output Equation |
| Classifications of Heart Disease | Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Congenital Heart Disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Heart Failure |
| Inflammation of the lining of the heart | Endocarditis |
| Inflammation of the muscle of the heart | Myocarditis |
| Inflammation of the sac. Can burn off fluid in the sac, causing chest pains | Pericarditis |
| Problems with the heart that started at birth | Congenital Heart Disease |
| Brought on by Rheumatic fever, which created scar tissue over the heart values | Rheumatic Heart Disease |
| Involves the formation of plaque along the vessel walls | CAD or Coronary Artery Disease |
| The inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions | Heart Failure |
| Risk factors of heart disease that CANNOT be modified | Age, Body Type, Heredity, Gender |
| Risk factors of heart disease that CAN be modified | Smoking, Physical activity, blood pressure, diet, weight, diabetes & gout |
| Cardiac conduction system | 1. Synoatrial node (SA Node) 2. Atrial Ventricular Node (AV Node) 3. Atrial Ventricular Bundle or Bundle of His 4. Purkinje Fibers |
| Pacemaker | Synoatrial node (SA Node) |
| Little cluster of nervous tissue between atrium & ventricles. Located in inner atrial septum. Functions to delay the impulse, so the atria can drain completely before the ventricles contract. | Atrial Ventricular Node (AV Node |
| Runs along the inner ventricular septum on either side & everything terminates at the Purkinje Fibers | Atrial Ventricular Bundle or Bundle of His |
| Permeates each end of the myocardial cell, so they contract at the same time | Purkinje Fibers |
| Heart measurements | p-wave, t-wave, QRS |
| Depolarization of the atria | p-wave |
| Repolarization of the ventricles | t-wave |
| Depolarization of the ventricles | QRS |
| Blood vessels or vascularization of tissues | Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins |
| Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward tissues. | Arteries |
| Smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward tissues. | Arterioles |
| Tiny, thin walled vessels that allow exchanges from the vessels to & from the tissues | Capillaries |
| Smaller vessels that carry blood toward the heart from the tissues. | Venules |
| Large vessels that carry blood toward the heart from the tissues. Have one-way directional flow with valves that shut down to keep blood flow in one direction. | Veins |
| Lines blood vessels | Tunica Interna |
| Gives elasticity to the artery. Gives the ability to relax & contract in conjunction with pressure from fluid of the heart. | Tunica Media |
| The outer layer of blood vessels | Tunca Externa |
| Makes up vessel structures | Arteries and Veins |
| There are no veins in these areas of the body. | Abdominal and Thoracic |
| All venous names are similar except for these names: | Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Internal Jugular, External Jugular |
| Major vascular branches or arteries | Brachiocephalic Trunk, Left Common Carotid, Left Subclavian, Thoracic Aorta, Abdominal Aorta |
| First branch off the aortic arch | Brachiocephalic Trunk |
| Artery which leads to the left side of the head. Optimal place to check pulse | Left Common Carotid Artery |
| Artery which goes under clavicle to left arm | Left Subclavian Artery |
| Artery which supplies esophagus and intercostals; branches to the chest | Thoracic Aorta |
| Artery which leads to abdomen and GI tract | Abdominal Aorta |
| Artery which leads to right side of the head | Right Common Carotid Artery |
| Artery which goes under the clavicle and leads to right arm | Right Subclavian Artery |
| Brachiocephalic Trunk divides into: | Right Common Carotid Artery and Right Subclavian Artery |
| Abdominal aorta divides into: | Phrenic Artery, Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Inferior Mesenteric Artery, Renal Arteries |
| Artery which brings blood supply to diaphragm | Phrenic Artery |
| Artery which goes to the organs of the upper digestive tract | Celiac Trunk |
| Artery which gives blood supply to first part of the GI tract, small intestine and first half of the colon/large intestine | Superior Mesenteric Artery |
| Artery that gives blood supply to the lateral half of colon/large intestine, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal and rectum. Also handles nutrients and wastes. | Inferior Mesenteric Artery |
| Paired arteries that go to each kidney proper. | Renal Arteries |
| Celiac trunk divides into: | Splenic artery, Gastric artery, Common hepatic artery |
| Artery which goes to the spleen | Splenic artery |
| Artery which goes to the stomach | Gastric artery |
| Artery which goes to the liver | Common hepatic artery |
| Renal artery divides and splits into: Is usually paired | Renal arteries and Supra adrenal arteries |
| Paired arteries that go to adrenal glands | Supra adrenal arteries |
| The force of ventricular contraction which is transmitted as a wave of increased pressure in the artery. | Pulse |
| Forms the inner lining of the fibrous pericardium or pericardial sac | Parietal Pericardium |
Created by:
FKrouse
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