nutrition in health and diseases
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| What does nutrition include | ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food
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| What does digestion involve? | the physical and chemical changes that the body makes to food to make it absorbable.
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| What is absorption? | is the transfer of the nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream.
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| What are the tow groups of nutrients? | those that provide energy and those that do not
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| What are the three types of groups that make up energy? | carbohydrates, fats(lipids), and proteins
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| What are the nutrient groups that do not provide energy? | vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber
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| What are carbohydrates made up of? | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| What is the name of carbohydrate units? | sugars
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| What is saccharide? | scientific term for sugar
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| What is LDL | low-density lipoproteins
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| What is HDL | high-density lipoproteins
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| What one more element does proteins have that fats and carbohydrates don't? | nitrogen
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| how many amino acids are there in protien? | 22
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| how many amino acids does the body need to function? | 8
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| in childhood what is the extra amino acid that the body needs? | histidine
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| Where is the best food to get amino acids? | animal meats and products like eggs and milk
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| What is C or Cal? | Large Calorie
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| What is kilocalorie or kcal? | large calorie
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| how many small calories equal one large calorie? | 1,000
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| What is metabolis? | the total of all changes, chemical and physical, that take place in the body
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| What is metabolic rate? | changes in the body with respect to energy
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| What is basal metabolism? | energy required for activities that occur when the body is at rest.
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| What is BMR? | basal metabolic rate
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| Where should the largest percentage of calories come from in a diet? | carbohydrates
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| What are the groups on the food pyramid? | grains(orange), vegetables(green), fruits(red), oils(yellow), milk(blue), and beans and meat(purple)
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| what is the recommendation amount of grains? | 5-8oz a day three of which should be from whole grain breads, pasta, rice, cereal, or crackers
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| what is the recommendation amount of vegetables? | 2 1/2 cups of vegetables should come from all 5 vegetable groups several times a week.
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| what is the recommendation amount of fruits? | two cups daily
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| where should the recommendated oils come from? | nuts, fish, vegetable
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| what is the recommendation amount of milk? | 3 cups per day of fat-free or low fat milk or milk products
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| What are the two functions of vitamins? | facilitate cellular metabolism by acting as a coenzyme with a catalyst, and to act as a component of tissue structure
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| what are the two classifications of vitamins? | water soluble and fat soluble
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| What are the differences in water soluble and fat soluble vitamins? | water can travle through the blood stream well but can not be stored well, fat soluble can be stored well but can not travle through the bloodstream well
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| What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins? | A,D,E, and K
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| What are the four primary antioxidants? | betacarotene(vitamin A), vitamin C, vitamin E, and Selenium
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| What are free radicals? | the process of using oxygen to burn(oxidize) food for energy results in the formation of them.
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| what does antioxidants do? | they fight free radicals through enzymes in our bodies.
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