Circulatory System
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| Action Potentials | Originate in the SA node and travel across the walls of the atrium to the AV node
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| Agglutination | Clumping of particles which results when incompatible blood types are mixed within the body and the antibodies of one blood type react against the antigens of the other
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| Aneurysm | Bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery
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| Antibodies | In the blood plasma which determine blood type
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| Antigens | Located on the surface of the red blood cells which determine blood type
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| Aorta | Main blood vein leading to the heart
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| Aortic Semilunar Valve | Opens to allow oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta
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| Arteries | Strong elastic vessels designed to carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure
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| Arterioles | Smaller
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| Arteriosclerosis | Normal consequence of aging where the arterial walls gradually thicken and arterial fibers decline occurring commonly in the arteries in the brain
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| Atherosclerosis | Disease affecting arterial blood vessels by the buildup of plaque on the inner lining of the arteries causing them to narrow and be less flexible
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| Atria | Responsible for receiving blood from the veins leading to the heart
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| Atrioventricular Bundle | Bundle of nodes
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| AV Node | Located in the walls of the right atrium
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| Basophil | Releases histamine which promotes inflammation and heparin
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| Bicuspid (mitral) Valve | Lets oxygen-rich blood from your lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle
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| Blood Pressure | Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels
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| Blood Types | Categories which define the differences in human blood due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies
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| Blood Vessels | Hollow utensils for carrying blood
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| Blood | Contained in blood vessels and consists of red blood cells
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| Capillaries | Important for the exchange of oxygen
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| Cardiac Cycle | Repeating pumping process of the heart
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| Circulatory System | Transports food
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| Coronary Artery Disease | Occurs when the arteries which supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed as a result of atherosclerosis
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| Diastole | First step in the two-step heart beat process
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| Endocardium | Inner lining of the heart
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| Eosinophil | Releases chemicals which reduce inflammation and attack parasites
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| Epicardium | Outer surface of the heart
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| Erythrocytes (red blood cells) | Large microscopic cells without a nucleus which transport oxygen from the lungs to all of the living tissues of the body and carry away carbon dioxide
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| Erythropoiesis | Process by which red blood cells are made
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| Four Pulmonary Veins | Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium
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| Heart Attack | Death of heart muscle from the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot
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| Heart | Muscular pump surrounded by a double layered closed sac made of fibrous connective tissue call the pericardium
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| Hemoglobin | Composed of a protein called heme
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| Homeostasis | State of balance or equilibrium between all systems and processes within the body
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| Hypertension | Considered to be present when a person's systolic blood pressure is consistently 140mmHg or greater
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| Inferior Vena Cava | Carry blood from the body to the right atrium
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| Infusion | Introduction of a fluid other than blood to the body such as saline or glucose solution
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| Ions (electrolytes) | Involved in osmosis
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| Leukocytes (white blood cells) | Protect the body against invading organisms and remove dead cells and other waste from the body
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| Lymphocyte | Produces antibodies to aid in the immune response
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| Monocyte | Leaves blood and becomes a macrophage which eats bacteria
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| Murmurs | Abnormal heart sounds resulting from narrowing or leaking of valves or the presence of abnormal passages through which blood flows in or near the heart
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| Myocardium | Muscle of the heart
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| Neutrophil | Eat microorganisms and other substances
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| Nutrients | Sources of energy which promote enzyme activity
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| Plaque | Fatty material on the inner lining of the arteries causing them to narrow and be less flexible
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| Plasma Proteins | Aid in blood pressure
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| Plasma | Is the liquid component of blood in which the blood cells are suspended
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| Pulmonary Semilunar Valve | Controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
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| Pulmonary Trunk | Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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| Purkinje Fibers | Carry the action potentials from the bundle branches to the ventricular walls causing the heart to contract
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| Regulatory Substances | Stimulate or inhibit body functions
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| Rh Grouping System | Involves the presence or absence of the Rh factor
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| SA Node | Located in the walls of the right atrium which acts like the pacemaker
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| Stroke | Sudden death of brain cells due to a problem with the blood supply caused by a blockage or the rupture of an artery
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| Superior Vena Cava | Carry blood from the body to the right atrium
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| Systole | Second step in the heart-beat process
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| Thrombocytes (platelets) | Play an important role in preventing blood loss
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| Transfusion | Transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another
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| Tricuspid Valve | Regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle
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| Type A | Has A antigens on the surface of the red blood cells and B antibodies in the blood plasma
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| Type AB | Has both A and B antigens on the surface of the red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in the blood plasma
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| Type B | Has B antigens on the surface of the red blood cells and A antibodies in the blood plasma
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| Type O | Has neither A or B antigens on the surface of the red blood cells but has both A and B antibodies in the blood plasma
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| Veins | Carry low-oxygen blood from the tissues back to the heart; except for the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood
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| Ventricles | Force the blood away from the heart with sufficient power to push the blood all the way back to the heart
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| Water | Acts as a solvent and suspending medium
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