Blood and lymphatic systems
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| What are WBC called | Leukocytes
Main function defense
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| WBC are larger then ? But fewer in numbers | Erythrocytes
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| Mature WBC have a nucleus but | Does not have hemoglobin
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| Plasma is how much percent water | 90% water = liquid portion of blood
Transports cellular elements of blood through out the circulatory system
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| Remaining portion of plasma = solutes | Most abundant solutes are plasma proteins
3 different kinds
1 albumins
2 globulins
3 fibrinogen
Also electrolytes fats glucose bilirubin and gases
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| two parts of blood | plasma / formed elements
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| Albumins | Constitute 60% of the plasma proteins
Keep us at a normal balance
Help maintain normal blood pressure
Maintain balance between fluid in the blood and in the interstitial tissues
( clear yellowish fluid)
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| Globulins | Constitute 36 % of plasma proteins
1 alpha 2 beta globulins transport lipids (fats)
And fat soluble vitamins in blood
3 gamma globulins are antibodies and function in immunity
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| IGG | Past infection titers
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| IGM | Active currant infection
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| IGE | Allergies
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| IGA | Digestive track
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| Thrombus | Stationary clot
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| Embolis | Traveling clot
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| Red blood cells Erythrocytes | Life span 120 days
Tiny biconcaved -shaped disks
Main component = hemoglobin
Transports oxygen to cells of the body
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| Mature RBC is | Anucleate ( no nucleus)
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| Leukocytes | Mature WBC has a nucleus / does not have hemoglobin
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| Two categories of WBC | Granulocytes have granules in there cytoplasm
Agranulocytosis have no granules in there cytoplasm
5 different types of Leukocytes
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| # 1 Neutrophils | Neutrophils 60/70 % of all WBC
Pathagocytic in nature eating and destroying / fights bacteria
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| # 2 eosinophils | 2/4 % of all WBC
For allergic reaction
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| #3 basophils | Less then 1% of WBC
Secret histamine during allergic reaction
Secrete heparin a natural coagulate
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| Agranulocytes / monocytes | Paceman 3/ 8% WBC
Largest of WBC macrophages eats pathogens and cellular debri
Kidney bean shape nucleus pathogenic in nature ( eats)
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| Agranulocytes / lymphocytes | 20/25% WBC
Fights viruses
Large spherical- shaped nucleus
Immune process
They are phagocytic / T cells / helpers / killers memory
Produce antibodies
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| Cell fragments Thrombocytes | Also called platelets
Small dicc- shaped fragments of a very large cell called (MEGAKARYOCYTES)
No hemoglobin / essential for coagulation
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| Universal donor blood | Type (O-)
No antigens (A or B) present on its RBC
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| Universal recipient blood type | Type AB positive (AB+)
No A or B antigens present in plasma
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| Coagulation | Clotting of blood
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| 1 Injury to blood vessel creates roughened area in vessel | 2 platelets come in contact with fought spot and disintegrate
Releases substance called thromboplastin
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| 3 thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin | 4 thrombin convert fibrinogen into fibrin
5 thrombin threads a mess that forms a clot
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| Anemia | W/O blood abnormal level of hemoglobin
Resulting in oxygen decrease/ deficiency in cells
Fatigue / paleness/ headache/
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| Aplastic anemia | W/O formation pancytopenia ( all cells decreased)
Bone marrow depression
RBC WBC platelets all decreased
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| Enzyme -linked immunosorent assy | Blood test used for screening for antibody to AIDS VIRUS
Also lime disease
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| Western blot | Western bolt test
Detects the presence of the antibodies for HIV the virus AIDS used to confirm validity by ELISE test
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| Schilling test | A diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia
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| Hemoglobin test | Concentration measurements of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood
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| Bleeding time | Measurement of time required for bleeding to stop
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| Coombs test / direct anti- globulin test | Test used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an RH - neg woman and RH incompatibility between a pregnant
RH - woman and her RH+ fetus
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| Sickle cell | Chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia RBC become crescent shaped in the presence of low oxygen
RBC clump together forming thrombosis
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| Lymphangiogram | X- Ray assessment of the lymphatic system by injecting contrast mending into hands or foot
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| Mononucleosis | A benign self limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes caused by EBV
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| Myasthenia gravis | Autoimmune disease antibodies block / destroy some acetylcholine
Receptor site / muscle weakness
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| Hemolytic anemia | A form of anemia extreme reduction in circulating RBC due to there destruction
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| Multiple myeloma | Malignant plasma cell neoplasm in form of pinpoint hemorrhages and inmature plasma cells often entirely replace bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure
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| gradulocytosis anemia | Elevated number of granulocytes / circulating blood as a reaction to inflamotory or infection
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| Leukemia | Excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBC in the blood
Leading to infection anemia and thrombocytopenia
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| Purpura | Collection of blood beneath the skin in form of pinpoint hemorrhages red Purpura skin discoloration
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| Pernicious anemia | Anemia resulting from a deficiency of MATURE RBC / formation of circulation
Of megaloblasts marked with poikiloctosis and antiocytosis
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| Hemophilia | Hereditary inadequacies coagulation resulting in prolonged bleeding times
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| Kaposi's sarcoma | Locally destructive malignant neoplasms of the blood vessels
Associated with AIDS. Leasions on skin. Visit rica organs mucous membranes
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| Lymphoma | Lymphoid tissues neoplasm maglignant painless enlarged lymph nodes followed by anemia weakness fever weight loss
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| PCP | Worldwide parasites
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| Aplastic anemia | bone marrow depression anemia / pancytopenia / inadequacy of formed blood elements ( RBC and WBC and platelets)
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| Polycythemia Vera | Abnormal proliferation of RBC / granulocytes / thrombocytes leading to an increased volume and viscosity (thickness)
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| Systematic lupus erythermatosus | Inflammatory connective tissue disease chronic in nature
Immune complexes are formed from reaction SLE autoantibodies
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| Acquired immunodeficiency | Last or final phase of a human immunodeficiency virus HIVdamages T cell lymphocytes with CD 4 receptors
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| CMV | Cytomegalovirus virus
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| ARC | AIDS related complex
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| EBV | Epstein bar virus
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| ITP | Idiopathic thrombocyte penic Purpura
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| AIDS | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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| HSV | Herpes simplex virus
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| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus
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| SLE | Systemic lupus erythermatosus
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| KS | Kaposis sarcoma
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| PPT | Blood test used to assess clotting proficiency factor 1 and 2
Fibrinogen and prothrombin factors 5 8 9 10 11 12
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| Agranulocytes | Large nucleus kidney bean shaped
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| Lypmphocytes | Large spherical shape nucleus / immune /attack bacteria
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| Thrombocytes | Know as platelets / small disc- shaped fragments of a very large cell
Called MEGAKARYOCYTES
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| Antigens | Also called agglutinogen/ RBC
Antigens make antibodies
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| Antibodies | After mature go after antigens - attack
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| Matching antigens and antibodies test | For blood donor test called blood typin& cross match
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| Agglutination | Firmly stick or be stuck together to form a mass
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