Goljan Reproductive
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| Hypospadias | show 🗑
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| show | dorsal opening on penis due to defect in genital tubercle
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| show | painful curvature penis due to fibromatosis
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| Priapism | show 🗑
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| show | HPV and lack of circumcision most important risk factors
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| show | undescended testis; risk for seminoma applies to cryptorchid testis and normal testis
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| Orchitis | show 🗑
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| show | <35 - N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis; >35 - E. coli, P. aeruginosa
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| show | scrotal pain relieved by elevation of scrotum (Prehn’s sign)
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| show | left-sided scrotal mass; spermatic vein drains into left renal vein; infertility common
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| show | may be due to invasion of left renal vein by renal cell carcinoma
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| show | persistent tunica vaginalis; scrotum transilluminates
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| show | testicle high in canal; absent cremasteric reflex
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| show | unilateral painless mass that does not transilluminate
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| Risk factors | show 🗑
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| Seminoma | show 🗑
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| Spermatocytic variant | show 🗑
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| show | hemorrhage/necrosis; hematogenous spread before lymphatic; ↑AFP, hCG
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| show | MC testicular cancer in boys; ↑AFP
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| Choriocarcinoma | show 🗑
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| Teratoma | show 🗑
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| Teratocarcinoma | show 🗑
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| show | MC type in elderly; metastasis not primary cancer
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| Prostate | show 🗑
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| show | perineal pain, fever; WBCs at end of voiding
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| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | show 🗑
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| show | all men develop; urethral obstruction MC (hesitancy, dribbling, nocturia), hematuria, dysuria Rx
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| Prostate cancer | show 🗑
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| PSA | show 🗑
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| Kallmann’s syndrome | show 🗑
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| Impotence | show 🗑
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| show | parasympathetic response
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| Ejaculation | show 🗑
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| show | ↑ LH; ↓ testosterone, sperm count; normal FSH
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| Seminiferous tubule failure | show 🗑
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| Leydig and seminiferous tubule failure | show 🗑
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| show | determines genetic sex
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| show | develops seminal vesicles, epididymis, vas deferens
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| show | develops prostate and male external genitalia
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| Male pseudohermaphrodite | show 🗑
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| show | XR; deficient androgen receptors; MCC male pseudohermaphrodite
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| show | XXY; 1 Barr body; female secondary sex characteristics
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| show | recurrent painful vesicles; multinucleated squamous cells with intranuclear inclusions
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| Human papilloma virus | show 🗑
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| Chlamydia trachomatis | show 🗑
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| show | non-specific urethritis, cervicitis, PID, ophthalmia neonatorum
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| Neisseria gonorhoeae | show 🗑
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| Ophthalmia neonatorum first week | show 🗑
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| Ophthalmia neonatorum second week | show 🗑
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| Lymphogranuloma venereum | show 🗑
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| show | scrotal/vulva lymphedema; granulomatous microabscesses; rectal strictures in females
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| show | painful ulcer, adenopathy, Hemophilus ducreyi
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| show | Calymmatobacterium granulomatis; raised ulceration but no lymphadenopathy
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| show | spirochete; produces vasculitis of arterioles (plasma cell infiltrate)
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| show | painless chancre
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| show | rash on palms/soles; condyloma lata; generalized adenopathy
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| show | neurosyphilis (e.g., tabes dorsalis), aortic arch aneurysm, gummas
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| RPR/VDRL | show 🗑
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| show | false positive with anticardiolipin antibodies (common in SLE)
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| show | confirmatory test for syphilis; not distinguish active from treated disease
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| FTA-ABS | show 🗑
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| Trichomonas vaginalis | show 🗑
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| Gardnerella vaginalis | show 🗑
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| show | white, curd-like discharge; DM, antibiotics, pregnancy; Rx fluconazole
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| show | MC vulvar cancer; HPV association
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| Vulvar leukoplakia | show 🗑
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| show | epidermal atrophy; slight risk for squamous cancer
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| Squamous hyperplasia vulva | show 🗑
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| show | intraepithelial adenocarcinoma (mucin production) of vulva
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| show | vulva location; similar to Paget cells but not mucin positive
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| Gartner’s duct cyst | show 🗑
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| show | bloody, grape-like vaginal mass young girl
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| Vaginal adenosis | show 🗑
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| show | usually extension of cervical cancer
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| show | absence of vagina and uterus
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| show | endocervical glands covered by metaplastic squamous epithelium
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| Pathologic cervicitis | show 🗑
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| show | superficial squamous (estrogen), intermediate (progesterone), parabasal (no hormone)
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| Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 100% parabasal cells
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| show | 100% superficial cells
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| Pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | sign of adequately performed Pap smear
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| show | bleeding after intercourse; non-neoplastic
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| Cervical dysplasia | show 🗑
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| show | early onset sexual activity; multiple partners; smoking; OC
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| show | cervical intraepithelial dysplasia; mild, moderate, severe (in-situ)
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| show | ↓ incidence (Pap smear); 45-yr-old; COD renal failure from obstruction of ureters
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| show | cervical discharge; bleeding after intercourse
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| Sequence to menarche | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen-dependent; ↑estrogen inhibits FSH and stimulates LH
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| show | day 14-I6; LH surge; subnuclear vacuoles; ↑body temperature
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| show | progesterone-dependent
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| show | drop in estrogen/progesterone stimulates apoptosis; plasmin prevents clotting
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| FSH | show 🗑
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| LH | show 🗑
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| Day 21 | show 🗑
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| Pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | LH analogue produced by syncytiotrophoblast
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| hCG | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen of postmenopausal woman; aromatization of adrenal androstenedione
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| show | estrogen of non-pregnant woman in reproductive life; aromatization of testosterone
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| Estriol | show 🗑
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| show | ↑ FSH (best screen; due to ↓estrogen), ↑LH
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | ↑ hair in normal areas
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| Virilization | show 🗑
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| Test for hirsutism/virilization | show 🗑
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| Polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS) | show 🗑
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| show | hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, infertility; enlarged ovaries with subcortical cysts; LH:FSH >2:1
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| Menorrhagia | show 🗑
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| Dysmenorrhea | show 🗑
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| DUB | show 🗑
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| Anovulatory DUB | show 🗑
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| show | irregular shedding, inadequate luteal phase
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| show | no menses by 16 years old
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| Secondary amenorrhea | show 🗑
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| show | ↓ FSH/LH; e.g., hypopituitarism
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| Amenorrhea-ovarian dysfunction | show 🗑
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| Amenorrhea-end-organ disease | show 🗑
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| Asherman syndrome | show 🗑
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| Primary amenorrhea-normal secondary sex characteristics | show 🗑
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| show | Turner’s
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| Turner’s syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | newborn with lymphedema hands/feet; cystic hygroma in neck (web); short stature; 1° amenorrhea
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| Secondary amenorrhea | show 🗑
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| Asherman syndrome | show 🗑
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| Endometritis | show 🗑
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| Endometrial polyp | show 🗑
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| Adenomyosis | show 🗑
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| Endometriosis | show 🗑
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| show | dysmenorrhea, painful stooling, bowel obstruction; “powder burn” appearance
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| Endometrial hyperplasia | show 🗑
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| Causes | show 🗑
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| show | obesity, nulliparity, estrogen Rx, early menarche/late menopause; OC protective
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| show | bleeding in postmenopausal woman
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| show | menorrhagia, obstructive delivery; not a precursor for leiomyosarcoma
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| show | MC sarcoma
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| Ectopic pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | MC ovarian mass in young woman
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| Risk factors ovarian tumors | show 🗑
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| show | surface-derived; ↑ bilaterality; psammoma bodies in malignant type
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| show | surface-derived; pseudomyxoma peritonei in malignant type
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| Endometrioid carcinoma | show 🗑
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| Cystic teratoma | show 🗑
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| Dysgerminoma | show 🗑
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| Yolk sac tumor | show 🗑
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| Meigs syndrome | show 🗑
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| Granulosa tumor | show 🗑
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| Thecoma | show 🗑
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| show | hyperandrogenism
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| show | XY phenotype of Turner’s
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| Krukenberg tumors | show 🗑
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| Single umbilical artery | show 🗑
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| show | lining of villi; produces hCG and human placental lactogen
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| Human placental lactogen | show 🗑
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| Abruptio placenta | show 🗑
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| show | placenta implanted over cervical os; painless bleeding
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| show | direct implantation into myometrium without intervening decidua; hysterectomy
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| show | monochorionic always identical twins; dichorionic may be identical or fraternal
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| Siamese twins | show 🗑
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| Enlarged placenta | show 🗑
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| show | benign neoplasm of chorionic villi; dilated villi; no embryo; 46 XX (both male)
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| Partial mole | show 🗑
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| show | malignancy of trophoblastic tissue (syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast)
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| show | complete mole (MC), spontaneous abortion, normal pregnancy
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae) infection
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| show | abnormal placentation causing placental ischemia; ↑ in vasoconstrictors (ATII)
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | 50% have karyotype deformity (trisomy 16)
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| Amniotic fluid | show 🗑
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| show | TE fistula, duodenal atresia, open neural tube defects
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| Oligohydramnios | show 🗑
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| show | open neural tube defect
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| ↓ Serum AFP | show 🗑
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| show | fetal adrenal, placental, maternal liver involved in its production
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| show | ↑ ß-hCG, ↓ serum AFP, ↓ urine estriol
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| Fibrocystic change | show 🗑
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| show | component of FCC; involves terminal lobules often has microcalcifications
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| Fibroadenoma | show 🗑
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| show | benign tumor lactiferous duct/sinus; MCC bloody nipple discharge <50-yr-old
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| Invasive ductal cancer | show 🗑
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| show | unopposed estrogen; family history first-degree relatives
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| Breast cancer | show 🗑
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| show | screening test to detect non-palpable masses
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| Palpable breast mass | show 🗑
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| Ductal carcinoma in situ | show 🗑
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| Paget’s disease of breast | show 🗑
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| Medullary carcinoma | show 🗑
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| Inflammatory carcinoma | show 🗑
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| Lobular cancer | show 🗑
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| Phyllodes tumor | show 🗑
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| ER-PR positive tumors | show 🗑
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| show | aggressive breast cancer
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| show | estrogen stimulation of male breast
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| show | normal in newborn, puberty (no surgery), old age; (micronodular) cirrhosis MC pathologic cause
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