Goljan Reproductive
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| show | ventral opening on penis due to failure closure of urethral folds
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| show | dorsal opening on penis due to defect in genital tubercle
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| show | painful curvature penis due to fibromatosis
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| show | persistent/painful erection; HbSS
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| show | HPV and lack of circumcision most important risk factors
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| show | undescended testis; risk for seminoma applies to cryptorchid testis and normal testis
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| show | mumps usually unilateral (infertility uncommon)
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| show | <35 - N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis; >35 - E. coli, P. aeruginosa
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| show | scrotal pain relieved by elevation of scrotum (Prehn’s sign)
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| show | left-sided scrotal mass; spermatic vein drains into left renal vein; infertility common
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| Varicocele | show 🗑
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| Hydrocele | show 🗑
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| Torsion of testicle | show 🗑
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| Testicular cancer | show 🗑
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| Risk factors | show 🗑
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| Seminoma | show 🗑
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| show | >65 yrs of age
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| show | hemorrhage/necrosis; hematogenous spread before lymphatic; ↑AFP, hCG
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| show | MC testicular cancer in boys; ↑AFP
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| show | most aggressive testicle cancer; ↑hCG
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| show | more often benign in children than adult
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| show | teratoma + embryonal carcinoma
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| Malignant lymphoma | show 🗑
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| Prostate | show 🗑
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| Prostatitis | show 🗑
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| show | DHT/estrogen-mediated; glandular/smooth muscle hyperplasia
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| show | all men develop; urethral obstruction MC (hesitancy, dribbling, nocturia), hematuria, dysuria Rx
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| show | DHT-mediated; palpable with rectal exam; osteoblastic metastasis (↑ AP)
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| PSA | show 🗑
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| Kallmann’s syndrome | show 🗑
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| Impotence | show 🗑
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| show | parasympathetic response
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| show | sympathetic response
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| show | ↑ LH; ↓ testosterone, sperm count; normal FSH
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| show | ↑ FSH (↓inhibin); ↓ sperm count; normal LH and testosterone
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| Leydig and seminiferous tubule failure | show 🗑
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| show | determines genetic sex
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| Testosterone | show 🗑
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| show | develops prostate and male external genitalia
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| show | genetic male; phenotypically female
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| Testicular feminization | show 🗑
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| Klinefelter’s syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | recurrent painful vesicles; multinucleated squamous cells with intranuclear inclusions
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| Human papilloma virus | show 🗑
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| show | metaplastic squamous cells with vacuoles containing elementary bodies
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| Neisseria gonorhoeae | show 🗑
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| Ophthalmia neonatorum first week | show 🗑
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| show | C. trachomatis
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| show | C. trachomatis subtype
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| show | scrotal/vulva lymphedema; granulomatous microabscesses; rectal strictures in females
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| Chancroid | show 🗑
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| Granuloma inguinale | show 🗑
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| Treponema pallidum | show 🗑
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| Primary syphilis | show 🗑
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| show | rash on palms/soles; condyloma lata; generalized adenopathy
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| show | neurosyphilis (e.g., tabes dorsalis), aortic arch aneurysm, gummas
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| RPR/VDRL | show 🗑
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| show | false positive with anticardiolipin antibodies (common in SLE)
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| FTA-ABS | show 🗑
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| FTA-ABS | show 🗑
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| Trichomonas vaginalis | show 🗑
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| show | vaginal pH >5; bacterial vaginosis; clue cells; Rx metronidazole
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| Candida vaginitis | show 🗑
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| Vulvar squamous cancer | show 🗑
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| Vulvar leukoplakia | show 🗑
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| show | epidermal atrophy; slight risk for squamous cancer
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| Squamous hyperplasia vulva | show 🗑
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| show | intraepithelial adenocarcinoma (mucin production) of vulva
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| Malignant melanoma | show 🗑
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| Gartner’s duct cyst | show 🗑
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| show | bloody, grape-like vaginal mass young girl
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| show | maternal exposure to DES; precursor clear cell adenocarcinoma vagina
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| Vaginal squamous cancer | show 🗑
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| show | absence of vagina and uterus
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| show | endocervical glands covered by metaplastic squamous epithelium
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| show | trichomonas, HSV-2, C. trachomatis (follicular cervicitis)
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| show | superficial squamous (estrogen), intermediate (progesterone), parabasal (no hormone)
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| show | 70% superficial, 30% intermediate
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| show | 100% parabasal cells
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| show | 100% superficial cells
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| show | 100% intermediate cells
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| Endocervical cells | show 🗑
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| Cervical polyp | show 🗑
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| Cervical dysplasia | show 🗑
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| Risk factors cervical dysplasia/cancer | show 🗑
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| show | cervical intraepithelial dysplasia; mild, moderate, severe (in-situ)
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| Cervical cancer | show 🗑
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| Sequence to menarche | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen-dependent; ↑estrogen inhibits FSH and stimulates LH
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| show | day 14-I6; LH surge; subnuclear vacuoles; ↑body temperature
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| show | progesterone-dependent
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| Menses | show 🗑
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| show | stimulates follicle and aromatase synthesis in granulosa cells
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| show | stimulates androgen synthesis in proliferative phase and progesterone synthesis in secretory phase
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| Day 21 | show 🗑
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| Pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | LH analogue produced by syncytiotrophoblast
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| hCG | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen of postmenopausal woman; aromatization of adrenal androstenedione
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| Estradiol | show 🗑
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| Estriol | show 🗑
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| Menopause | show 🗑
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| show | secondary amenorrhea, hot flushes
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| show | ↑ hair in normal areas
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| Virilization | show 🗑
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| Test for hirsutism/virilization | show 🗑
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| show | ↑ LH; ↓ FSH; ↑ estrogen and androgens
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | excess menstrual flow; MCC iron deficiency in women
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| show | painful menses; 1° PGF2α, 2° endometriosis
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| DUB | show 🗑
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| Anovulatory DUB | show 🗑
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| Ovulatory DUB | show 🗑
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| Primary amenorrhea | show 🗑
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| Secondary amenorrhea | show 🗑
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| show | ↓ FSH/LH; e.g., hypopituitarism
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| Amenorrhea-ovarian dysfunction | show 🗑
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| show | normal FSH/LH; e.g., imperforate hymen
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| Asherman syndrome | show 🗑
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| Primary amenorrhea-normal secondary sex characteristics | show 🗑
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| Primary amenorrhea-lack secondary sex characteristics | show 🗑
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| Turner’s syndrome | show 🗑
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | pregnancy MCC; prolactinoma; anorexia nervosa; pituitary adenoma
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| show | removal of stratum basalis causing scarring; secondary amenorrhea
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| show | group B streptococcus; intrauterine device (Actinomyces); chronic - plasma cells
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| show | menorrhagia; not a precursor for endometrial cancer
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| show | functioning endometrial glands and stroma in myometrium; enlarged uterus
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| show | functioning glands and stroma outside uterus; reverse menses; ovary MC site
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| show | dysmenorrhea, painful stooling, bowel obstruction; “powder burn” appearance
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| Endometrial hyperplasia | show 🗑
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| Causes | show 🗑
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| show | obesity, nulliparity, estrogen Rx, early menarche/late menopause; OC protective
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | menorrhagia, obstructive delivery; not a precursor for leiomyosarcoma
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| Leiomyosarcoma | show 🗑
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| Ectopic pregnancy | show 🗑
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| Follicular cyst | show 🗑
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| Risk factors ovarian tumors | show 🗑
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| Serous ovarian tumors | show 🗑
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| show | surface-derived; pseudomyxoma peritonei in malignant type
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| show | resembles endometrial cancer; association with endometriosis
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| show | MC benign germ cell tumor (<1% malignant); hair/teeth; calcifications
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| show | MC malignant germ cell tumor; associated with streak gonads of Turners
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| show | MC germ cell tumor young girl; ↑AFP; Schiller-Duval bodies
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| Meigs syndrome | show 🗑
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| Granulosa tumor | show 🗑
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| show | benign; yellow color; hyperestrinism
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| Leydig cell and Sertoli cell tumors | show 🗑
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| show | XY phenotype of Turner’s
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| Krukenberg tumors | show 🗑
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| show | ↑ incidence congenital defects
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| show | lining of villi; produces hCG and human placental lactogen
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| show | responsible for mild glucose intolerance in pregnancy
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| Abruptio placenta | show 🗑
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| Placenta previa | show 🗑
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| show | direct implantation into myometrium without intervening decidua; hysterectomy
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| show | monochorionic always identical twins; dichorionic may be identical or fraternal
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| show | monoamniotic monochorionic twin placenta
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| show | DM, Rh HDN, syphilis
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| show | benign neoplasm of chorionic villi; dilated villi; no embryo; 46 XX (both male)
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| Partial mole | show 🗑
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| show | malignancy of trophoblastic tissue (syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast)
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| show | complete mole (MC), spontaneous abortion, normal pregnancy
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| Chorioamnionitis | show 🗑
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| show | abnormal placentation causing placental ischemia; ↑ in vasoconstrictors (ATII)
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | 50% have karyotype deformity (trisomy 16)
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| show | fetal urine
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| Polyhydramnios | show 🗑
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| show | infantile polycystic disease
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| show | open neural tube defect
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| ↓ Serum AFP | show 🗑
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| show | fetal adrenal, placental, maternal liver involved in its production
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| show | ↑ ß-hCG, ↓ serum AFP, ↓ urine estriol
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| show | MC breast mass <50-yrs-old; atypical hyperplasia cancer risk; lumpy, painful breasts
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| show | component of FCC; involves terminal lobules often has microcalcifications
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| show | benign stromal tumor; MC movable mass in women <35-yrs-old
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| show | benign tumor lactiferous duct/sinus; MCC bloody nipple discharge <50-yr-old
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| show | MCC breast mass in woman >50-yrs-old
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| Breast cancer risk | show 🗑
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| Breast cancer | show 🗑
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| Mammography | show 🗑
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| Palpable breast mass | show 🗑
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| show | necrotic centers (comedo); microcalcifications common
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| Paget’s disease of breast | show 🗑
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| show | bulky tumor with large cells and lymphoid infiltrate; more common in Pt with BRCA 1 mutation
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| show | orange peel appearance; lymphatics blocked by tumor (lymphedema)
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| Lobular cancer | show 🗑
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| Phyllodes tumor | show 🗑
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| show | tumors responding to hormones; candidate for tamoxifen (anti-estrogen)
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| ERB-B2 oncogene positive breast cancer | show 🗑
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| Gynecomastia | show 🗑
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| Gynecomastia | show 🗑
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