Anatomy
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| Hematology | Study of blood and it's disorders
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| Plasma | Liquid part (55%)- produced by liver
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| Leukocytes | White blood cells
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| Thrombocytes | Platelets
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| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells
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| Functions of blood-transportation | 1. Gases
2. Waste products
3. Nutrients
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| Functions of blood | 1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3. Protection
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| Functions of blood- regulation | 1. Body temp
2. pH
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| Functions of blood-protection | 1. Against pathogens
2. Clotting
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| pH | 7.35-7.45
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| Blood volume | 5 liters
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| Hematopoiesis | Blood cell formation
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| Red bone marrow | myeloid stem cell
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| RBC Structure | spherical, inoculated, lack of mitochondria
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| RBC function | Carries hemoglobin molecules which transport oxygen
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| Tallquist test | Measures level of hemoglobin in RBCs
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| Hematocrit | % of RBC volume
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| RBC lifespan | 120 days
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| Anemia | RBC deficiency, hemoglobin deficiency, or both
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| Iron deficiency anemia | low hemoglobin-low O2-fatigue
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| Pernicious anemia | Lack of it. B12-low RBC count
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| Sickle-cell anemia | Fatal hereditary disease caused by abnormal hemoglobin
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| Polycythemia vera | Excessive increase in number of RBCs
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| Erythropoietin | Rate controlled by a hormone(produced by kidneys)
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| White Blood Cell Structure | Nuclei and large
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| Neutrophils | Engulf bacteria and cellular debris (most)
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| Basophils | Hypersensitivity, release histamine (least)
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| Eosinophils | Parasitic infections, allergic response
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| Lymphocytes | Produce antibodies, regulate the immune response
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| Monocytes | Engulf cellular debris
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| Leukocytosis | High WBC count
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| Leukopenia | Low WBC count
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| Leukemia | Large increase in WBCs
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| Infectious mononucleosis (mono) | High numbers of large lymphocytes caused by epstein-barrvirus virus
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| AIDs | Decreased WBCs- attacks the lymphocytes
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| Serum | Plasma minus clotting proteins
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| Hemophillia | Inherited x-linked
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| Thrombocytopenia (purpura) | Low platelets, petechia (clotting episodes)
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| Aspirin | Blocks prothrombin-thrombin
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| Heparin | Blocks fibrinogen-fibrin
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| Innate (nonspecific) defense | Fast
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| Adaptive (specific) defense | Slow
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| First line of defense | skin-mucous membranes-secretions of skin and mucous membranes
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| Second line of defense | phagocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes)-antimicrobial proteins-inflammatory response (basophils)
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| Third line of defense | Lymphocytes-antibodies-macrophages
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| Lymphocytes | Immune cells
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| B-cells | Produce antibodies, made in bone marrow, humoral immunity
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| T-cells | Release chemicals to kill, originate in thymus, cell-mediated immunity
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