Chapter 18 pregnancy
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| Chadwick's sign | A blueish -violet hue to the cervix and vagina
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| Goodells sign | Softening of the cervix , felt by the examiner
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| Embryo | The name given to the product of conception from the second through
The eighth week of pregnancy
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| Fetus | The name given to the product of conception from the ninth week through the duration of the gestational period
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| Chloasma | Mask of pregnancy
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| Linea nigra | A dark line of pigmentation that may extend from the fundus to the symphysis
Pubis during pregnancy
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| Striae gravidarum | Stretch marks on the abdomen, thighs, and breasts during pregnancy
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| Quickening | Movement by the fetus felt by the mother
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| Braxton hicks | Irregular contractions of the uterus that occur throughout pregnancy
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| Ballottement | A technique that causes the fetus to bounce within the amniotic fluid, with the examiner feeling it rebound quickly
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| Pregnancy known as gestational period | 9 calendar months or 10 Luna months
Forty weeks or 280 days
3 trimester - 3 months each trimester
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| Fertilization/ conception | Union of a sperm and a mature ovum
Takes place in outer third of Fallopian tube
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| Zygote | Initial name for fertilized ovum
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| Embryo | Name of product of conception from the second through eight week of pregnancy
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| Accessory structure of pregnancy / amniotic sac | Also known as the fetal membrane
Strong thin walled membranous sac that envelopes and protects the growing fetus
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| Amniotic sac/ fetal membrane | Chorion = outer layer of the sac
Amnion = inner layer of the sac
Amnion fluid within sac to cushion and protect the fetus during pregnancy
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| Placenta / 3 functions | Temporary organ of pregnancy provides for fetal respiration , nutrition , excretion
Functions as an endocrine gland by producing hormones necessary for normal growth
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| HCG | Human chrorionic gonadotropin
Estrogen progesterone and HPL
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| HPL | Human placental lactogen
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| Placenta 2 sides | Maternal side ( attaches to the wall or uterus )
Has a beefy red appearance
Fetal side - contains arteries and veins intertwining to form the umbilical
Cord ( has a shiny slightly grey appearance )
Serves as a life line between mother and fetus
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| Transports nutrients and wastes to and from developing fetus Arises from the center of the placenta and attached to umbilicus of fetus | Fetal side of placenta / umbilical cord
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| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstrution
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| Changes in Uterus | Small pear shaped organ before pregnancy / then expands to accommodate
Growing fetus placenta amniotic sac , and fluid during pregnancy
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| Changes in vagina | Bluish - violet hue due to increased blood supply in the cervix ...
Increased vaginal discharge and heavy shedding due to increase of glycogen
In vaginal cells
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| Leukorrhea | Thick white vaginal discharge during pregnancy
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| Secretion of colostrum | "Forerunner of breast milk" thin yellowish discharges from nipples
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| Hypotension | During the second and third trimesters when supine
Weight of the pregnant uterus presses against the descending aorta and inferior vena cava
The mother may get hypotension making them dizzy / black outs due to the pressure
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| Urination / 1 st trimester | More urine due to increasing size of the uterus creates pressure
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| Urination / 2 nd trimester | Less urine uterus rises up out of the pelvis and the pressure on the bladder is relieved
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| Urination / 3 rd trimester | More urine frequency returns due to pressure of the baby's head on the bladder
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| Wadding qait | Wider stance due to softening of pelvic joints and relaxing of pelvic ligaments
Causes an offset of center of gravity
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| Changes of skin | Increased warm/ sweating due to metabolism increased activity of sweat glands
Blemish / increase of sebaceous gland
Chloasma / hype pigmentation on forehead cheeks and bridge of nose
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| A woman's body goes through changes except | Changes in bone structure
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| Fetal heartbeat | Ultrasound 8-10 weeks ( earliest 5-6 weeks)
Fetoscope 18-20 weeks
Normal range 120 to 160 bpm
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| Naegele's rule | Subtract 3 months from LMP and then add 1 yr and 7 days
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| EDC | Expected date of confinement
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| EDD | Expected date of delivery
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| EDB | Expected date of birth
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| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before the fetus has reached a viability
( an age at which the fetus could live outside of the uterine environment )
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| Abruptio placenta | Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall
( can occur after the pregnancy has passed 20 weeks gestation or during labor)
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| Ectopic pregnancy | Tubular pregnancy
Abnormal implantation of a fertilized egg(ovum) outside of the uterine cavity
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| Gestational diabetes | Develop an inability to metabolize carbohydrates ( glucose intolerance) with resultant hyperglycemia
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| Hellp syndrome | Serious obstetrical complication that occur in approximately 10 % of pregnant
Women with pre- eclampsia or eclampsia
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| HELLP | Hemolytic anemia , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count
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| Hellp diagnosis | Presents with malaise or a viral- type illness in 3rd trimester should be evaluated
Lab test include CBC / liver functions test
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| Hydatidiform mole | Abnormal condition that begins as a pregnancy and deviates from normal
Development very early
Also called molar pregnancy , hydratid mole
Ovum deteriorates / chronic villi of placenta changes into a mass of cysts( resembling grapes)
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| Hyperemesis gravidarum | Abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by severe vomiting that results in maternal dehydration and weight loss
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| A molar pregnancy very quickly deviates from normal development And does not produce an embryo/ fetus | True
The rapid and abnormal cell division cannot sustain life
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| Incompetent cervix | Condition in which cervical os dilates before the fetus reaches term without
Labor or uterine contractions
2nd trimester / spontaneous abortion of fetus
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| Placenta previa | Condition of pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus
3rd trimester ( classic symptoms) painless bleeding during 3rd trimester
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| PIH | Pregnancy induced hypertension
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| Pregnancy induced hypertension | Development of hypertension during pregnancy in women who had normal blood pressure readings prior to pregnancy
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| 3 categories of PIH | Gestational hypertension / develops after 20 weeks gestation no sign of
Edema or Proteinuria
Pre- eclampsia / after 20 weeks gestation with Proteinuria or edema
Eclampsia / most servere hypertension - seizures
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| RH incompatibility | In compatibility between an RH - neg mothers blood with her RH - positive baby's blood
Causes mothers body to develope antibodies that's will destroy the RH - positive blood
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| Bloody show | Occurs as a result of the softening , dialation, and effacement of the cervix in preparation for childbirth
/ vaginal discharge mixture of thick mucus and pink or dark brown blood
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| Lightening | Settling of the fetal head into the pelvis
Occurs a few weeks prior to the onset of labor
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| False contractions | Irregular
Not too frequent
Shorter duration
Not to intense
Discomfort felt in abdomen / groin area
Walking may relieve or decrease contractions
Effacement nor dilation of cervix , no change
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| True contractions | Regular
More frequent
Longer duration more intense
Discomfort in lower back radiates to lower abdomen
Feels like Menstual cramps
Strengthen in contractions
Cervix effaces and dilates
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| AFP screening | Serum screening test for levels of alpha - feta protein in the blood
Assists with the determination of the risk of birth defects :
Spina bifida / Down's syndrome / trisomy 18
Test done 15/21 weeks gestation
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| Amniocentesis | Passage of a needle into the amniotic sac for the removal of amniotic fluid for examination
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| Cesarean section | Sx proceedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and a baby is delivered transabdominally
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| Chronic villus sampling | Test preformed in 1st trimester to detect chromosomal abnormalities
Small amount of placenta tissue is removed during 11-13 week contains same genetic data as the fetus
Check for Down's syndrome
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| Fetal monitoring ( electronic ) | Use of an Electronic device to monitor fetal heart rate and maternal uterine
Contractions
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