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Obstetrics
Chapter 18 pregnancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chadwick's sign | A blueish -violet hue to the cervix and vagina |
| Goodells sign | Softening of the cervix , felt by the examiner |
| Embryo | The name given to the product of conception from the second through The eighth week of pregnancy |
| Fetus | The name given to the product of conception from the ninth week through the duration of the gestational period |
| Chloasma | Mask of pregnancy |
| Linea nigra | A dark line of pigmentation that may extend from the fundus to the symphysis Pubis during pregnancy |
| Striae gravidarum | Stretch marks on the abdomen, thighs, and breasts during pregnancy |
| Quickening | Movement by the fetus felt by the mother |
| Braxton hicks | Irregular contractions of the uterus that occur throughout pregnancy |
| Ballottement | A technique that causes the fetus to bounce within the amniotic fluid, with the examiner feeling it rebound quickly |
| Pregnancy known as gestational period | 9 calendar months or 10 Luna months Forty weeks or 280 days 3 trimester - 3 months each trimester |
| Fertilization/ conception | Union of a sperm and a mature ovum Takes place in outer third of Fallopian tube |
| Zygote | Initial name for fertilized ovum |
| Embryo | Name of product of conception from the second through eight week of pregnancy |
| Accessory structure of pregnancy / amniotic sac | Also known as the fetal membrane Strong thin walled membranous sac that envelopes and protects the growing fetus |
| Amniotic sac/ fetal membrane | Chorion = outer layer of the sac Amnion = inner layer of the sac Amnion fluid within sac to cushion and protect the fetus during pregnancy |
| Placenta / 3 functions | Temporary organ of pregnancy provides for fetal respiration , nutrition , excretion Functions as an endocrine gland by producing hormones necessary for normal growth |
| HCG | Human chrorionic gonadotropin Estrogen progesterone and HPL |
| HPL | Human placental lactogen |
| Placenta 2 sides | Maternal side ( attaches to the wall or uterus ) Has a beefy red appearance Fetal side - contains arteries and veins intertwining to form the umbilical Cord ( has a shiny slightly grey appearance ) Serves as a life line between mother and fetus |
| Transports nutrients and wastes to and from developing fetus Arises from the center of the placenta and attached to umbilicus of fetus | Fetal side of placenta / umbilical cord |
| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstrution |
| Changes in Uterus | Small pear shaped organ before pregnancy / then expands to accommodate Growing fetus placenta amniotic sac , and fluid during pregnancy |
| Changes in vagina | Bluish - violet hue due to increased blood supply in the cervix ... Increased vaginal discharge and heavy shedding due to increase of glycogen In vaginal cells |
| Leukorrhea | Thick white vaginal discharge during pregnancy |
| Secretion of colostrum | "Forerunner of breast milk" thin yellowish discharges from nipples |
| Hypotension | During the second and third trimesters when supine Weight of the pregnant uterus presses against the descending aorta and inferior vena cava The mother may get hypotension making them dizzy / black outs due to the pressure |
| Urination / 1 st trimester | More urine due to increasing size of the uterus creates pressure |
| Urination / 2 nd trimester | Less urine uterus rises up out of the pelvis and the pressure on the bladder is relieved |
| Urination / 3 rd trimester | More urine frequency returns due to pressure of the baby's head on the bladder |
| Wadding qait | Wider stance due to softening of pelvic joints and relaxing of pelvic ligaments Causes an offset of center of gravity |
| Changes of skin | Increased warm/ sweating due to metabolism increased activity of sweat glands Blemish / increase of sebaceous gland Chloasma / hype pigmentation on forehead cheeks and bridge of nose |
| A woman's body goes through changes except | Changes in bone structure |
| Fetal heartbeat | Ultrasound 8-10 weeks ( earliest 5-6 weeks) Fetoscope 18-20 weeks Normal range 120 to 160 bpm |
| Naegele's rule | Subtract 3 months from LMP and then add 1 yr and 7 days |
| EDC | Expected date of confinement |
| EDD | Expected date of delivery |
| EDB | Expected date of birth |
| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before the fetus has reached a viability ( an age at which the fetus could live outside of the uterine environment ) |
| Abruptio placenta | Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall ( can occur after the pregnancy has passed 20 weeks gestation or during labor) |
| Ectopic pregnancy | Tubular pregnancy Abnormal implantation of a fertilized egg(ovum) outside of the uterine cavity |
| Gestational diabetes | Develop an inability to metabolize carbohydrates ( glucose intolerance) with resultant hyperglycemia |
| Hellp syndrome | Serious obstetrical complication that occur in approximately 10 % of pregnant Women with pre- eclampsia or eclampsia |
| HELLP | Hemolytic anemia , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count |
| Hellp diagnosis | Presents with malaise or a viral- type illness in 3rd trimester should be evaluated Lab test include CBC / liver functions test |
| Hydatidiform mole | Abnormal condition that begins as a pregnancy and deviates from normal Development very early Also called molar pregnancy , hydratid mole Ovum deteriorates / chronic villi of placenta changes into a mass of cysts( resembling grapes) |
| Hyperemesis gravidarum | Abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by severe vomiting that results in maternal dehydration and weight loss |
| A molar pregnancy very quickly deviates from normal development And does not produce an embryo/ fetus | True The rapid and abnormal cell division cannot sustain life |
| Incompetent cervix | Condition in which cervical os dilates before the fetus reaches term without Labor or uterine contractions 2nd trimester / spontaneous abortion of fetus |
| Placenta previa | Condition of pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus 3rd trimester ( classic symptoms) painless bleeding during 3rd trimester |
| PIH | Pregnancy induced hypertension |
| Pregnancy induced hypertension | Development of hypertension during pregnancy in women who had normal blood pressure readings prior to pregnancy |
| 3 categories of PIH | Gestational hypertension / develops after 20 weeks gestation no sign of Edema or Proteinuria Pre- eclampsia / after 20 weeks gestation with Proteinuria or edema Eclampsia / most servere hypertension - seizures |
| RH incompatibility | In compatibility between an RH - neg mothers blood with her RH - positive baby's blood Causes mothers body to develope antibodies that's will destroy the RH - positive blood |
| Bloody show | Occurs as a result of the softening , dialation, and effacement of the cervix in preparation for childbirth / vaginal discharge mixture of thick mucus and pink or dark brown blood |
| Lightening | Settling of the fetal head into the pelvis Occurs a few weeks prior to the onset of labor |
| False contractions | Irregular Not too frequent Shorter duration Not to intense Discomfort felt in abdomen / groin area Walking may relieve or decrease contractions Effacement nor dilation of cervix , no change |
| True contractions | Regular More frequent Longer duration more intense Discomfort in lower back radiates to lower abdomen Feels like Menstual cramps Strengthen in contractions Cervix effaces and dilates |
| AFP screening | Serum screening test for levels of alpha - feta protein in the blood Assists with the determination of the risk of birth defects : Spina bifida / Down's syndrome / trisomy 18 Test done 15/21 weeks gestation |
| Amniocentesis | Passage of a needle into the amniotic sac for the removal of amniotic fluid for examination |
| Cesarean section | Sx proceedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and a baby is delivered transabdominally |
| Chronic villus sampling | Test preformed in 1st trimester to detect chromosomal abnormalities Small amount of placenta tissue is removed during 11-13 week contains same genetic data as the fetus Check for Down's syndrome |
| Fetal monitoring ( electronic ) | Use of an Electronic device to monitor fetal heart rate and maternal uterine Contractions |
Created by:
Tbella
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