Female reproductive system
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| Purpose of female reproductive system | Reproduction
Secretes hormones that support secondary sex characteristic changes
Secretes hormones that sustain pregnancy
Estrogen / progesterone hormones
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| External genitalla | 1 mons pubis ( fatty tissue that covers and cushion the symphysis pubis
( bone in pubic )
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| External genitalla #2 | 2 labia majora (labia= lips)
Two folds of skin containing fatty tissue and covered with hair
Located on either side of the vaginal opening
Extending from mons pubis to perineum(area between vagina and anus)
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| Labia minor | 2 thin folds of tissue located within the folds of the labia major
Extends to the clitoris downward toward the perineum
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| Bartholins gland | Located on either side of the vaginal ( orifice - means opening)
Secretes a mucoid substance that lubricants the vagina
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| Clitoris | Located just behind the upper junction of the labia minora
Clitoris is short , enlongated organcomposed of erectile tissue
Homologous to the penis
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| Urinary orifice | Is part of the kidney system not a true part of the female reproductive system
BUT part of the vulva
Urinary orifice is our pee hole
Two openings
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| Vaginal orifice | Also known as ( vaginal introitus)
Located in the lower portion of the vestibule below the urinary Meatus
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| Perineum | Area between the vaginal orifice and anus
Consists of muscular and fibrous tissue and serves as a support for the pelvic structures
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| The urinary orifice is part of the reproductive system ? | False / it is part of the vulva
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| Internal genitalia Vagina | Muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva
Rests between the bladder( ANTERIORLY) and
Rectum (POSTERIORLY)
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| Internal vagina | Has stretchable folds of the inner lining called RUGAE
The Rugae expands during child birth to permit passage of baby's head without tearing the lining
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| Uterus | Main structure for the baby is a pear shaped hollow muscular organ that houses the fertilized implanted ovum as it developes throughout pregnancy
Also source of monthly menstrual flow if pregnancy does not occur
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| Uterus 3 identifiable portions | 1 fundus ( small dome shaped upper portion)
2 body ( central portion)
3 cervix ( narrower neck like portion at lower end)
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| Walls of the uterus | Contains 3
1 perimetrium
2 myometrium
3 endometrium
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| Perimetrium | Outermost layer
Muscles of the uterus
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| Myometrium | Middle muscle that give woman cramps when ministrations
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| Endometrium | Inner most layer
Highly vascular
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| Fallopian tubes | Also known as uterine or oviducts
Passageway for the ova as they exit the ovary to go to uterus
The Fallopian tube each have free ends in finger like projection called
( fimbriae)
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| Frimbriae | Frimbriated ends draw Ovam into the Fallopian tubes with wave like motions when ovum is released from ovary
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| Ovaries | Female sex cell = female gonads
Almond shaped pair of ovaries are held in place by ligaments
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| Ovaries are responsible for ? | Producing mature ova and releasing them monthly ( period ovulation)
They also produce hormones for normal growth and development of females
These hormones are necessary for maintaining pregnancy
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| Mammary glands | The breast responsible for the production of milk ( lactation )
Consists of glandular tissue with supporting adipose tissue also fibrous connective tissue covered by the skin
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| Structures of the breast | Nipple - located in the center
Consists of sensitive erectile tissue
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| Areola | Darker pigmented area surrounding nipple
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| Montgomery's tubercles | Smallest sebaceous gland in the Areola
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| Tissues of the breast | Adipose - supporting tissue
Connective -fiberous tissue
Glandular tissues
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| Lactiferous ducts | Narrow tubular structures of the breast they transport milk to the nipple for breastfeeding
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| Female pelvis land marks | Sacrum / coccyx / pubic bone / ischail spines
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| Sacrum - coccyx / pubic bone / ischail spines | Serve as reference points for measuring across the outlet from varying angles
This measurement determines size of pelvic outlet for adequate passage for the fetus
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| Puberty | Period of life which gives the ability to reproduce begins
Female s reproductive organs are fully developed
Secondary sex characteristic changes occur
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| Menstrual phase | Menstrution phase is 1- 5 days
Menstrual flow occurs on day one and lasts for 3 a 5 days
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| Post menstrual phase | Is 6 - 12 days
Interval between menses and ovulation
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| Ovulatory phase | 13. - 14 days
Graafian follicle ruptures releasing mature ovum into pelvic cavity
This is ( ovulation)
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| Premenstrual phase | 15 - 28. Days
Phase between ovulatory phase and onset of menstrual flow
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| Amenorrhea | Absence of flow
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| Dysmenorrhea | Painful flow
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| Menorrhagia | Abnormally long and very heavy menstrual periods
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| Metrorrhagia | Uterine bleeding at times other than the menstrual period
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| Oligomenorrhea | Abnormally light or infrequent menstrution
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| Abstinence | Abstaining from having sex
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| Oral contraceptives | Birth control pills
They contain synthetic forms of estrogen and progesterone
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| Deposit - provera injection | Administered intramuscular
Once every 12 weeks
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| Intrauterine device ( IDU ) | Small plastic t- shaped device inserted through the vagina and into the uterus to prevent implantation of an ovum into the uterus
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| Birth control patch | Thin patch that continuously delivers hormones into the bloodstream
Patch must be changed every 7 days
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| Contraceptive ring | Ring placed monthly into the vagina releases hormones for prevention
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| Barrier method | Place physical barriers between the cervix and the sperm
Sperm cannot pass the cervix and enter the uterus and thus the Fallopian tubes
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| Permanent methods of birth control | Tubal ligation surgically cutting and tying the Fallopian tubes
Known as female sterilization
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| Permanent micro - insert system | Alternate to tubularigation bilateral occlusion of fallopian tubes by inserting a soft flexible micro insert into each fallopian tube
No incision w/o general anesthesia
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| Permanent birth control for male | Vasectomy - male sterilization
Surgically cutting and tying the vas deferens to prevent passage of sperm
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| Carcinoma of the breast | Malignant tumor of breast tissue
Most common ( ductal carcinoma )
Originates in the mammary duct
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| Cervical carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the cervix
Symptoms Bleeding Between Menstual periods
After intercourse
After menopause and an abnormal Pap smear
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| cervicitis | Acute or chronic inflammation of the uterine cervix
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| Cystocele | Herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina
Causes incomplete emptying of the bladder which may result in cystitis
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| Endometrial carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the inner lining of the uterus
Adenocarcinoma of the uterus
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| Endometriosis | Presence of growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the endometrium
( tissue often found in abdominal cavity
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| Fibrocystic breast disease | Presence of single or multiple fluid - filled cysts that are palpable in the breast
Cysts are benign and fluctuate in size with the menstrual period
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| Fibroid tumor | A benign fibrous tumor of the uterus
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| Leiomyoma | Benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus
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| Ovarian carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the ovaries
Mostly common in women over 50
Rarely detected in early stage
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| Ovarian cysts | Benign globular sacs ( cysts ) that form on or near the ovaries
Can be fluid filled or semisolid
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| Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID ) | Infection of the Fallopian tubes also known as salpingitis
Begins with cervical infection spreading to endometrium , Fallopian tubes and ovaries
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| Stressed incontinence | Inability to hold urine when the bladder is stressed by sneezing , coughing, laughing or lifting
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| Vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagiha and the vulva
Disturbance in the normal floors or PH of the vagina
Allows microorganism to flourish
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| Aspiration biopsy | Invasive proceedure a needle is inserted into an area of the body such as breast
Withdraws tissue or fluid sample to diagnose
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| Colposcopy visual examination | Of the vagina and cervix with a coloscopy
Lighted binocular microscope
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| Cone biopsy | Sx removal of a cone shaped segment of cervix
Also known as ( conization )
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| Papanicolau smear | Pap smear examine of cells scraped from cervix
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| Leiomyoma | Smooth muscle tumor
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| Fibroid tumor | Fibrous tumor
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| Culdocentesis | Sx puncture through the posteria wall of the vagina into. The cul de sac to withdraw intra peritoneal fluid to exam
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