Orthopedic rehabilitation and thysical therapy
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| Orthopedics | Branch of medicine that deals with injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system and includes the following structures
Bone / muscles/ joints/tendons/ligament
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| Orthopedist | Medical doctor who treats disease / disorders of the bones and muscles
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| Neurologists | Specialist in brand and nerves
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| Nerosurgeon | Surgeon for brain and nerves
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| Physiatrist | Diagnoses and treats
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| Neuromuscular | Bone disease and injuries
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| Physical therapist | Restores function and mobility and flexibility
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| Occupational therapist | Helps with ADL.
Activities of daily living
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| CT - scan | X-rays / cross-sectional views primarily bone and muscle
( +radiation)
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| MRI | Magnetic. Waves produce the images bone joints muscles
(O) radiation
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| Bone scan | Visualizes the distribution of (radioactive isotopes) that collect in the bones and joints
(iV injectected) evaluates for arthritis or bone cancer
(+ radiation)
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| X-rays | Recording a record of body parts / fx's dislocation evaluates bone and joints
(+ radiation)
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| Blood or urine tests | Uric acid (gout) calcium phosphorus ( breakdown of the bone or muscle)
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| Bone / muscle biopsy | Used to ( r/o) rule out bone cancer and bone infection
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| Arthrograraphy | X-Ray / dye injected into joints
Views ligaments and joint cartilage / joint capsule
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| Discography | CT scan dye injectected. Into intervertebral dices to evaluate discs
(+ radiation)
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| EMG | Electromyoography
Assesses health of muscles and nerves cells that control them
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| Arthroscopy | Visual examination of a joint
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| ROM | Range of motion
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| PT | Physical therapist
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| OT | Occupational therapist
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| ACL | Anterior crucial ligament
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| ADLs | Activities of daily living
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| SERMs | Selective estrogen receptor modutators
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| PTH | Parathyroid hormone
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| CPK | Creatine phosphokinase
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| Strain | Injury to a muscle or tendon caused by excessive use or overexertion
Not as serious as a sprain
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| Sprain | Involves trauma to the ligament
May involve muscles and tendons
Worse then a sprain
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| RICE | Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
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| Ligament | Flexible strong fiberous tissue that
CONNECTS TO BONE
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| Tendon | Flexible but inelastic cord of strong. Fibouse tissue that CONNECTS MUSCLE
TO BONE
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| Dislocation | Temporary displacement of the bone from its usual position in he joint
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| Subluxation | Partial dislocation
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| Fracture | Break in bone
Simple or closed
Doesn't penetrate skin
Or compound or open protrudes through skin
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| Reduction | Realign the bones to original position
Closed: set without incision
Open: incision needed to realign bones
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| Ambulation | Ability to walk or move about freely
Fascinating = muscle to muscle
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| Rehabilition | PT/ OT /
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| Physical therapy | AIDS in restoring, function ,mobility, strength,,flexibility , gross movements
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| Occupational therapy | Aid s in ADL's
Activities of daily living
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| Cryotherapy | Cold therapy ( vasoconstriction)
Decreased blood vessels
Decreases inflammation stops bleeding
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| Thermotherapy | Heat therapy / vasodilation
Improves circulation
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| Hydro therapy | Water therapy
Ex; whirlpool
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| Ultrasound | Deep tissue stimulation
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| Exercise | (ROM) range of motion)
Active / passive/ assisted
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| Canes | Are prescribed for patients who need support on one side
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| Types of canes | Standard - light support
Tripod - greater stability
Quad - rests on four feet
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| Walkers | Provide the most support and stability
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| Crutches | Used when weight bearing is prohibited
Adjust axillary crutches (2- 3 finger widths below axilla
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| Gaits | 2-pt
3- pt ( swing to swing through)
4-pt
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| Ambulation | Ability to walk or move about freely
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| Cartilage | Connective tissue located between the articular surfaces of bones / joints /and vertebrae that acts as a shock absorber
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| Cryotherapy | The application of dry or moist cold to the affected area of the body
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| Arthroscopy | Visualization of a joint and joint capsule through a lighted instrument
For treatment
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| Modalities | Physical agents such as heat cold and exercise to improve or restore
Lost function
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| Orthopedist | Specializes in the treatment of disease and disorders of the bone and muscle
Can perform surgery
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| Prosthesis | An artificial joint
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| Rehabilitation ( OP) | Process of treatment designed to return a body part to its full function,following an illness or injury, helps patients find a workable solution to assist them with the activities of daily living
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| Sprain | Trauma to ligaments, may also involve injury to the tendons n muscles
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| Strain | Injury to a muscle or tendon caused by excessive use or overexertion
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| Thermotherapy | Use of dry or moist heat to promote healing and restore function
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| Massage | Use of pressure,friction n kneading to promote muscle relaxation
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| Dislocation | Temporary displacement of a bone from its usual position within a joint
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| Physical therapist | Specialist who helps to restore function improve mobility and decrease pain to an area that has been damaged by injury or disease
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| Ultrasound | Use of high - frequency sound waves used to create heat deep in soft tissues such as muscles and tendons
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| TENS | Transitaious elcrtrical nerve stimulation
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| DEXA | Duel energy x-Ray obsoptromy
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| Complete fracture | Completely broken threw
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| Incomplete fracture | Green stick bone broken but not threw skin
Partially bent / partially broken
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| Complicated fracture | Bone is broken and surrounding tissue is damaged
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| Compression fracture | A piece of the bone is driven inwards
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| Hairline fracture | A crack in the bone
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| Impacted fracture | A break in which one bone fragment is wedged into the other
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| Pathological fracture | A fracture due to disease condition such as osteoporosis
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| Pott's | A fracture that occurs at the distal end of the tibia or fibula just above the ankle
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| Spiral fracture | A fracture that occurs as a result of twisting the bone
The fracture spirals around the long bone
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| Stress fracture | A fine hairlike fracture that occurs as a result of repetitive trauma due to running and such
Difficult to diagnose by x-Ray
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| Colles | A fracture of the distal end of the radius bone in the wrist
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| Comminuted | The bone is broken or splintered into fragments
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| Transverse | The bone is fractured at a right angle to the axis of its bone
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| Oblique | A diagonal fracture of the bone
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| Vicosupplemention | Injecting preparation directly into a joint
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| Thermotherapy | Applying dry or moist heat to a body part
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| Dry heat modalities | Heating pads/ hot packs /hot water.bottle( temperature not exceed 110F or (43c)
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| Moist heat modalities | Hot compresses (no more then 110 f)
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| Moist heat modalities are | Hot packs / hot soak (body submerged in h2o for15 mins)
Paraffin baths ( body part is dipped into paraffin and water coating it with wax
Peel in 30 mins
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| Cryotherapy | Apply dry or moist cold to affected areas
Constricts blood vessels and induces contraction of involuntary muscles
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| Dry cold modalities | Chemical ice pack
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| Moist cold modalities | Cold compresses / ice massages
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| Ultrasound | Promotes healing of deeper tissues
Uses high frequency sound waves to. Create heat deep with in soft tissue
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| Hydrotherapy | Whirlpools / contrast baths( to treat hands and feet)
Treats burns/ injuries and other physical problems
Done in hospital or large clinic
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| Hydrotherapy medicated bath | Bath that has oatmeal or Epsom salts
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| Electrical stimulation | Low voltage current
Prevents atrophy
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