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Orthopedics
Orthopedic rehabilitation and thysical therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Orthopedics | Branch of medicine that deals with injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system and includes the following structures Bone / muscles/ joints/tendons/ligament |
| Orthopedist | Medical doctor who treats disease / disorders of the bones and muscles |
| Neurologists | Specialist in brand and nerves |
| Nerosurgeon | Surgeon for brain and nerves |
| Physiatrist | Diagnoses and treats |
| Neuromuscular | Bone disease and injuries |
| Physical therapist | Restores function and mobility and flexibility |
| Occupational therapist | Helps with ADL. Activities of daily living |
| CT - scan | X-rays / cross-sectional views primarily bone and muscle ( +radiation) |
| MRI | Magnetic. Waves produce the images bone joints muscles (O) radiation |
| Bone scan | Visualizes the distribution of (radioactive isotopes) that collect in the bones and joints (iV injectected) evaluates for arthritis or bone cancer (+ radiation) |
| X-rays | Recording a record of body parts / fx's dislocation evaluates bone and joints (+ radiation) |
| Blood or urine tests | Uric acid (gout) calcium phosphorus ( breakdown of the bone or muscle) |
| Bone / muscle biopsy | Used to ( r/o) rule out bone cancer and bone infection |
| Arthrograraphy | X-Ray / dye injected into joints Views ligaments and joint cartilage / joint capsule |
| Discography | CT scan dye injectected. Into intervertebral dices to evaluate discs (+ radiation) |
| EMG | Electromyoography Assesses health of muscles and nerves cells that control them |
| Arthroscopy | Visual examination of a joint |
| ROM | Range of motion |
| PT | Physical therapist |
| OT | Occupational therapist |
| ACL | Anterior crucial ligament |
| ADLs | Activities of daily living |
| SERMs | Selective estrogen receptor modutators |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| CPK | Creatine phosphokinase |
| Strain | Injury to a muscle or tendon caused by excessive use or overexertion Not as serious as a sprain |
| Sprain | Involves trauma to the ligament May involve muscles and tendons Worse then a sprain |
| RICE | Rest Ice Compression Elevation |
| Ligament | Flexible strong fiberous tissue that CONNECTS TO BONE |
| Tendon | Flexible but inelastic cord of strong. Fibouse tissue that CONNECTS MUSCLE TO BONE |
| Dislocation | Temporary displacement of the bone from its usual position in he joint |
| Subluxation | Partial dislocation |
| Fracture | Break in bone Simple or closed Doesn't penetrate skin Or compound or open protrudes through skin |
| Reduction | Realign the bones to original position Closed: set without incision Open: incision needed to realign bones |
| Ambulation | Ability to walk or move about freely Fascinating = muscle to muscle |
| Rehabilition | PT/ OT / |
| Physical therapy | AIDS in restoring, function ,mobility, strength,,flexibility , gross movements |
| Occupational therapy | Aid s in ADL's Activities of daily living |
| Cryotherapy | Cold therapy ( vasoconstriction) Decreased blood vessels Decreases inflammation stops bleeding |
| Thermotherapy | Heat therapy / vasodilation Improves circulation |
| Hydro therapy | Water therapy Ex; whirlpool |
| Ultrasound | Deep tissue stimulation |
| Exercise | (ROM) range of motion) Active / passive/ assisted |
| Canes | Are prescribed for patients who need support on one side |
| Types of canes | Standard - light support Tripod - greater stability Quad - rests on four feet |
| Walkers | Provide the most support and stability |
| Crutches | Used when weight bearing is prohibited Adjust axillary crutches (2- 3 finger widths below axilla |
| Gaits | 2-pt 3- pt ( swing to swing through) 4-pt |
| Ambulation | Ability to walk or move about freely |
| Cartilage | Connective tissue located between the articular surfaces of bones / joints /and vertebrae that acts as a shock absorber |
| Cryotherapy | The application of dry or moist cold to the affected area of the body |
| Arthroscopy | Visualization of a joint and joint capsule through a lighted instrument For treatment |
| Modalities | Physical agents such as heat cold and exercise to improve or restore Lost function |
| Orthopedist | Specializes in the treatment of disease and disorders of the bone and muscle Can perform surgery |
| Prosthesis | An artificial joint |
| Rehabilitation ( OP) | Process of treatment designed to return a body part to its full function,following an illness or injury, helps patients find a workable solution to assist them with the activities of daily living |
| Sprain | Trauma to ligaments, may also involve injury to the tendons n muscles |
| Strain | Injury to a muscle or tendon caused by excessive use or overexertion |
| Thermotherapy | Use of dry or moist heat to promote healing and restore function |
| Massage | Use of pressure,friction n kneading to promote muscle relaxation |
| Dislocation | Temporary displacement of a bone from its usual position within a joint |
| Physical therapist | Specialist who helps to restore function improve mobility and decrease pain to an area that has been damaged by injury or disease |
| Ultrasound | Use of high - frequency sound waves used to create heat deep in soft tissues such as muscles and tendons |
| TENS | Transitaious elcrtrical nerve stimulation |
| DEXA | Duel energy x-Ray obsoptromy |
| Complete fracture | Completely broken threw |
| Incomplete fracture | Green stick bone broken but not threw skin Partially bent / partially broken |
| Complicated fracture | Bone is broken and surrounding tissue is damaged |
| Compression fracture | A piece of the bone is driven inwards |
| Hairline fracture | A crack in the bone |
| Impacted fracture | A break in which one bone fragment is wedged into the other |
| Pathological fracture | A fracture due to disease condition such as osteoporosis |
| Pott's | A fracture that occurs at the distal end of the tibia or fibula just above the ankle |
| Spiral fracture | A fracture that occurs as a result of twisting the bone The fracture spirals around the long bone |
| Stress fracture | A fine hairlike fracture that occurs as a result of repetitive trauma due to running and such Difficult to diagnose by x-Ray |
| Colles | A fracture of the distal end of the radius bone in the wrist |
| Comminuted | The bone is broken or splintered into fragments |
| Transverse | The bone is fractured at a right angle to the axis of its bone |
| Oblique | A diagonal fracture of the bone |
| Vicosupplemention | Injecting preparation directly into a joint |
| Thermotherapy | Applying dry or moist heat to a body part |
| Dry heat modalities | Heating pads/ hot packs /hot water.bottle( temperature not exceed 110F or (43c) |
| Moist heat modalities | Hot compresses (no more then 110 f) |
| Moist heat modalities are | Hot packs / hot soak (body submerged in h2o for15 mins) Paraffin baths ( body part is dipped into paraffin and water coating it with wax Peel in 30 mins |
| Cryotherapy | Apply dry or moist cold to affected areas Constricts blood vessels and induces contraction of involuntary muscles |
| Dry cold modalities | Chemical ice pack |
| Moist cold modalities | Cold compresses / ice massages |
| Ultrasound | Promotes healing of deeper tissues Uses high frequency sound waves to. Create heat deep with in soft tissue |
| Hydrotherapy | Whirlpools / contrast baths( to treat hands and feet) Treats burns/ injuries and other physical problems Done in hospital or large clinic |
| Hydrotherapy medicated bath | Bath that has oatmeal or Epsom salts |
| Electrical stimulation | Low voltage current Prevents atrophy |
Created by:
Tbella
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