Vocab
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| Microbiology | Study of microscopic organisms
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| Bacteria / two named Systems | First /Genus first (always capitalized )
Second / name of the species (not capitalized
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| Characteristics of bacteria | Posses individual characteristics
Used for criteria for recognition includes
Structure / morphology / staining
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| Basic bacteria cell structure | Every cell contains DNA
Which carries the genetic information
It's a single celled organizum that pocesses
A cell membrane
Cell wall
Cell nucleus
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| Cell wall | Known as a capsule
Which can make them resistant to certain antibiotics
And protect them from attack by WBC
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| Spores | Extremely hard to kill
Are resistant to heat /freezing/radiation and certain chemicals
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| Monophology of bacteria | Most commonly caused caused disease in humans are bacteria and viruse
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| Bacteria is caterorized according to | There morphology / shape / and reaction to gram stain
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| Microscopic organism | Bacteria / viruses/ parasites/ fungi
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| Culture | A group of microbes growing on nutrient-rich media
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| Agar | Gelatin - like substance that may contain additives and nutrients that will support the growth and multiplication of microorganism
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| Aerobic | Class of bacteria that requires oxygen to grow
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| Inoculation | Applying a microorganism onto a culture media
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| Opportunistic infections | Infection that developes in compromised patients and those taking certain medications such as immunosuppressive drugs
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| Pathogenic | Disease producing
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| Pathogen | Disease causing microorganism
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| Pure culture | Culture that contains only one organism
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| Sensitivity testing | Technique that evaluates which antibiotic will destroy a particular pathogen
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| Taxonomy | Classification of living organisms into the proper category using a specific set of laws and principles
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| Bacilli | Rod - shaped bacteria
May be spore forming
Can have a straight, rounded, or pointed end
Can be motile ( moveable ) with flagella
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| Cocci | Round - shaped bacteria
Can occur in pairs ( diplococci )
Chains ( streptococci )
Clusters ( staphylococci )
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| Culture medium | Liquid or solid material in which bacteria are grown
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| Normal flora | Microorganism Normally present in different parts of the human body which pose no health threats under ordinary circumstances
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| Incubation | Place a culture in an apparatus that provides optimum conditions for growth and multiplication of microorganisms
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| Fungi | Group of microorganisms that includes yeast and mold
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| Parasite | Organism that lives within upon or at the expense of the host
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| Gram positive | Term used to describe bacteria that stain purple during the gram staining process
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| Anaerobic | Class of bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow
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| Bacteria | Single-celled microbes that lack a nucleus
( the most prevalent of all microorganism )
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| Colonies | Visible growth of microorganism that appear on a culture medium
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| Reportable organisms | Salmonella /
Shigella /
Sexually transmitted disease
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| Basic bacterial cell structure | Cell membrane / cell wall/ nucleus
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| Cell division | Takes in nutrients through cell division
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| Spirilla | Spiral shaped
Like a cork screw
Most are motile.
( can move)
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| Mono | Single ( 1. Fragment)
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| Diplo | Two. Bacteria occurring in pairs
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| Strepto | Bacteria occurring in chains
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| Staphylo | Bacteria. Occurring in clusters
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| Stains | Basic or acidic
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| Stains / simple | Illustrates the structure of the cells
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| Stains / differential | Produces variable results based on the composition of the cell wall
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| Gram stain | Differential. By there color reaction to various strains
Stained with primary purple stain
Flushed with a mordant or fixative
Treated with decolorizer
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| Gram stain | Gram positive - bacteria remains purple
Gram negative - appear pink in color
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| Aerobic | Bacteria that requires oxygen for growth
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| Anaerobic | Bacteria that grows only in the absence of oxygen
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| Growth media | Used to grow microorganism
Can be liquid broth
Semisolid
Or agar
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| Enriched growth media | Contains additives to encourage growth of some bacteria
But inhibits others
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| Selective growth media | Contains additives to promote growth of one bacteria only and inhibits other
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| Differential or indicator media | Contains substances that will alter the appearance of the colonies
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| Streptococcus pyogenes | Strep throat
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| Kirby - Bauer To find antibiotic | Sensitivity testing
(R-resistant) / don't use
(I - intermediate) kill some
(S- sensitivity/ susceptible ) the best one
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| Microscopic techniques | Fixed state - a spear is prepared from the specimen or culture
Living state - organism is suspended in liquid and examined, prepared by wet mount or hanging drop proceedure
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| Wet mount | Place a drop of bacterial suspension on a slide
Cover drop with cover slip cover slip edges are covered with petroleum jelly to form a seal
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| Hanging drop | Place specimen on a cover slip rim with petroleum jelly
Place a clean glass slide with a well over the cover slip
Invert the slide so the drop hangs from the cover slip
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| Virolgy | Viruses are the most common cause of infectious diseases in humans
Aka flu , measles, mumps, common cold
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| Viruses | Can only multiple after entering another living cell
Viruses are the smallest microorganisms ( viewed under an electronic microscope)
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| Methods used to identify viruses | Cell culture
Direct detection zero diagnosis
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| Parasitology | Parasites are organisms that live in , on , or at the expense of the host
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| Vaginosis | A wet mount is valuable when trying to diagnose the cause of Vaginosis
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| Bacitracin | Test Used for identifying group A beta strep
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| Beta hemolysis | Is a wide clear zone around the colonies on a blood agar plate
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| Salmonella | Get from food
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| Shigella | Air Bourne
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| STD's | Sex
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| Staphylococcus pyogenes | Necrotizing fasciitis / sore throat
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| Straphyococcus aureus | Organism is known to cause wound infection
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