Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body
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| abdominopelvic quadrants | health professionals divide the abdomen (through the navel) into four areas to help locate specific organs
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| The Four Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity | Right upper, Left upper, Right lower, Left lower
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| abdominopelvic regions | anatomists have divided the abdomen into nine regions to identify the location of organs
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| The Nine Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity | Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac (inguinal) region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac (inguinal) region
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| anatomical position | the reference position for the body, which gives meaning to directional terms
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| anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts
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| atrophy | wasting away of tissue; decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy
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| abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the abdominal organs
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| cranial cavity | space inside the skull that contains the brain
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| pelvic cavity | the lower portion of the ventral cavity; the distal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
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| pleural cavity | a subdivision of the thorax
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| spinal cavity | the space inside the spinal column through which the spinal cord passes
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| thoracic cavity | the cavity containing the trachea, heart and lungs
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| superior | higher, opposite of inferior
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| inferior | lower; opposite of superior
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| control center | brain
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| anterior | front or ventral; opposite of posterior or dorsal
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| posterior | located behind; opposite of anterior
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| ventral | of or near the belly; in humans, front or anterior; opposite of dorsal or posterior
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| dorsal | referring to the back; opposite of ventral; in humans, the posterior is dorsal
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| medial | of or toward the middle; opposite of lateral
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| lateral | of or toward the side; opposite of medial
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| proximal | next or nearest; located nearest the center of the body or the point of attachment of a structure
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| distal | toward the end of a structure; opposite of proximal
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| superficial | near the body surface
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| deep | farther away from the body's surface
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| effector (loop) | responding organ; for example, voluntary and involuntary muscle, the heart, and glands
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| feedback (control loop) | a highly complex and integrated communication control network, classified as negative or positive;
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| homeostasis | relative uniformity of the normal body's internal environment
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| mediastinum | a subdivision in the mid-portion of the thoracic cavity
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| negative feedback (loops) | most important and numerous homeostatic control mechanisms
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| chemical level of organization | atoms and molecules
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| cellular level of organization | cells are considered to be the smallest "living" units of structure and function in our body
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| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a common function
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| organ | group of several tissue types that performs a special function
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| system | group of organs arranged so that the group can perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone
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| physiology | the study of body function
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| sagittal | longitudinal; like an arrow
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| midsagittal | a cut or plane that divides the body or any of its parts into two equal halves
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| frontal | lengthwise plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
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| transverse | a horizontal or crosswise plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower portions
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| positive feedback (loops) | stimulatory; amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring
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| prone | used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing downward
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| sensor | detects change and sends information to the control center
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| supine | used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing upward
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