H.I.T
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| Cardiovascular System | Is the system that pumps blood through the body via the heart & blood vessels
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| Heart | Is a large muscle that acts like a pump, moving blood through the & veins.
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| Pericardium (pericardial sac) | A double - walled sac composed of membranous tissue that surrounds the heart
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| Parietal pericardium ( fibrous pericardium) | Is the outermost layer
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| Visceral pericardium (serous pericardium) | Is the inner layer of this double- walled sac
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| Pericardial fluid | Which prevents the two layers from rubbing against each other
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| Epicardium | Outermost layer of the heart
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| Myocardium | Is the middle & the thickest layer, & is the cardiac muscle
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| Endocardium | Is the innermost, sometimes called the lining of the heart
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| Atria | The upper chambers receive blood from the veins
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| Ventricles | The lower chambers send blood to the arteries
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| Sinoatrial node (SA node) | Is found where the superior vena cava & the right atrium meet
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| Atrioventricular node (AV node) | Directs the impulses to the ventricles, causing them to contract
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| Bundle of His | The conduction fibers that cause contraction
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| Pericardiocentesis | Is a procedure in which the physician removes fluid from the pericardial space
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| Tube pericardiostomy | Fluid is drained from the pericardial space
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| Cardiac pacemaker | Is used to correct & manage heart dysrhythmias
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| Pulse generator | That contains a lithium battery as its source of power
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| Electrode | Is inserted into the heart through the subclavian vein & advanced to the right ventricular apex
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| Single- chamber system | Has one electrode in either the right atrium or the right ventricle
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| Dual- chamber system | Has two electrodes one in the right atrium & one in the right ventricle
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| Pacing cardioverter- defibrillator | It emits defibrillating shocks that stimulate the heart
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| Aortic valve | Sits between the aorta & the left ventricle, is one of the main valves of the heart
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| Mitral valve | Is the valve between the left atrium & left ventricle
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| Trucuspid valve | Is the valve that lies between the right atrium & right ventricle
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| Pulmonary valve | The valve is one of the main valves of the heart & sits between the pulmonary artery & the right ventricle
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| Endarterectomy | Is a procedure used to remove the plaque deposits from blood vessels
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| Angioplasty | Is a procedure in which a balloon is inflated in the vessel to push & flatten plaque against the vessel wall
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| Coronary artery bypass (CABG) | Are types of grafts performed on the heart that are completed using a vein, an artery, or a combination of a veinv&
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| Anomaly | Is an abnormality or a deviation from the norm in a structure
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| Ventricular assist device (pVAD) | Is inserted to assist a weakened heart in ejecting blood to the body via a mechanical pump
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| Vessels | Are structures that move fluid through the body
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| Arteries | Move oxygen-rich from the heart to the rest of the body
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| Veins | Move the deoxygenated blood to the heart
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| Aneurysm | Is an area in an artery that becomes weakened
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| Thromboendarterectomy | A surgical incision that is made into an artery to remove a thrombus or plaque & the arterial lining
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| Angioscopy | Is a procedure in which a fiber-optic scope is used to visualize the interior of a noncoronary vessel
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| Nonselective placement | Means the catheter is functioning in the vessel punctured & doesn't go into any other vessel
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| Selective placement | Means that the catheter moves into one of the great vessels off the aorta, not including the vessel punctured for access
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| Venous access device | Is a device or catheter that allows access to the venous system
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| Central venous access device (CVA device) | Is a catheter classified as such if the tips ends in the subclavian, brachiocephalic, superior or inferior vena cava, or right atruim
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| Insertion | When a catheter is placed in a newly established venous access
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| Repair | Involve fixing, not replacing, either the catheter or port/pump
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| Partial replacement | Involves replacement of only a catheter component, not the whole device
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| Complete replacement | Replacement of the whole device by the same access site
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| Removal | Involves the removal of the entire device
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| Ligation | The act of tying off blood vessels & dividing & stripping vessels
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| AED | Automated external defibrillator
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| A-fib | Atrial fibrillation
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| AICD | Automated implantable cardioverter- defibrillator
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| AS | Aortic stenosis
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| ASD | Atrial septal defect
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| ASHD | Arteriosclerotic heart disease
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| BBB | Bundle-branch block
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| CABG | Coronary artery bypass graft
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| CAD | Coronary artery disease
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| CC | Cardiac catheterization
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| CCU | Coronary care unit
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| CHD | Coronary heart disease
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| CHF | Congestive heart failure
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| DVT | Deep vein thrombosis
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| EKG | Electocardiogram
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| HTN | Hypertension
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| MI | Myocardial in farction
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| MVP | Mitral valve prolapse
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| PAD | Peripheral artery disease
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| pVAD | Percutaneous ventricular assist device
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| PVD | Peripheral vascular disease
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| Arteries | Carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body
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| Veins | Carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
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| Heart | A muscular organ, located between the lungs to the left of the midline of the body, that pumps blood throughout the body
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| Hypertension | Is an increase in blood pressure
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| Systolic blood pressure | The pressure on the arterial walls during the heart muscle contraction
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| Diastolic blood pressure | The pressure on the arterial walls during relaxation of the heart muscle
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| Transient hypertension | Elevated blood pressure
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| Secondary hypertension | High arterial blood pressure due to another disease
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| Ischemic heart disease | When there is an inadequate supply of blood to the heart
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| Occlusion | Constriction of an arterial blood vessel
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| Angina pectoris | Severe chest pain caused by an insufficient amount blood reaching the heart
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| Unstable angina | Is an accelerating pattern of chest pain that occurs at rest or during mild exertion
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| Acute myocardial infarction (MI) | Commonly called a heart attack, occurs when there is inadequate blood supply to a section or sections of the heart
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| Old myocardial infarction (healed myocardial infarction) | When the patient is not presenting with any symptoms
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| Acute pericarditis | Inflammation of the outer layers of the heart
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| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart
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| Myocarditis | Inflammation of the heart muscle
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| Cardiomyopathy | Diseases of the heart muscle
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| Heart failure | A decreased ability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the body's tissue
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| Cerebrovascular disease | Abnormal nontraumatic conditions that affect the cerebral arteries
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| Cerebral hemorrhage | Bleeding within the brain or layers of brain lining
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| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA | The disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain, called a stroke
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| Occlusion of cerebra l & precerebral arteries | The blocking of an artery
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| Stenosis of the cerebral arteries | The narrowing of the cerebral arteries that supply blood to the brain
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| Phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein
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| Thrombophlebitis | Inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus
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| Portal vein thrombosis | The formation of a blood clot in the main vein of the liver
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| Varicose veins | Dilated superficial veins of the legs
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| Lymphadenitis | Inflammation of the lymph nodes
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| Hypotension | Low blood pressure
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