Ch. 01 Origins
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| A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority. | state
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| The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. | government
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| A goal of government or something that government decides to do. | public policy
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| A form of government in which the supreme authority rests with the people. | democracy
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| Having supreme power within its own territory; neither subordinate nor responsible to any other authority. | sovereignty
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| A form of government in which a single leader or small group has absolute power . | dictatorship
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| The body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government. | constitution
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| The power to interpret laws, determine their meaning, and settle disputes. | judicial power
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| The power to execute, enforce, and administer the law. | executive power
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| The power to make law. | legislative power
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| Began with families>then families banded into clans>then into tribes>eventually states formed from these tribes. | evolution theory
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| One strong person or small group claimed control over an area and controlled people living in it. | force theory
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| Free persons unite voluntarily to form a contract allowing themselves to be ruled. | social contract theory
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| Used by kings during Middle Ages who claimed their rule came directly from God. | divine right theory
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| A government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite. | oligarchy
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| A government in which a single person holds unlimited power. | autocracy
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| A centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central agency | unitary
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| An alliance of independent states. | confederation
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| A government in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments. | federal government
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| A form of government in which the executive & legislative branches are separate, independent of one another, & coequal; this form was invented by the U.S. | presidential government
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| A form of government in which the executive is made up of the prime minister or premier, and that official’s cabinet; common form of government in Europe | parliamentary government
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| Who developed direct democracy? | Greece
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| Who gave the world the idea of a republic (representative democracy) | Rome
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| Who gave us the terms senator and dictator? | Rome
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| The origin of the word democracy: demos (people) and kratia (rule) came from where? | Greece
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| This English philosopher stated people are born with equal rights to life, liberty, and property | John Locke
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| Which French philosopher argued that government power should be divided among three branches? | Baron de Montesquieu
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| What are the six purposes of government as outlined in the Preamble? | form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty
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| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| In what year was the Declaration of Independence written? | 1776
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| What was Locke's social contract theory? | Free persons unite voluntarily to form a contract allowing themselves
to be ruled. John Locke stated that people have the right to break the contract if government doesn’t serve to benefit the people.
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| How did Locke influence the writing of the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution? | This theory was the basis of Jefferson’s ideas in the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson's "life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness" comes from Locke's Second Treatise of Government.
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