H.I.T
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| Pharynx | Is the passageway that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus for the digestive system but also connects to the larynx. (Throat)
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| Tonsils | Are made up of lymphatic tissue and are considered the first line of defense for the respiratory system.
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| Nasopharynx | Is the part of the pharynx that is located posterior to the nasal cavity.
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| Nasopharyngeal tonsils | Also called the adenoids
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| Lingual tonsils | Located at the base of the tongue on the posterior surface
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| Palatine tonsils (tonsils) | Pair of tonsils comes off the soft palate to the base of the tongue
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| Pharyngoplasty | Surgical repair of the pharynx
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| Pharyngostomy | Surgical incision of the pharynx
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| Esophagus | Is a muscular structure that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
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| Endoscopic procedure | Insertion of a flexible or rigid instrument used to view internal structures
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| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedures | The scope is passed to view the esophagus and upper portion of the GI tract.
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| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | Is an endoscopic procedures that combines a retrograde cholangiography and a transhepatic cholangiography
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| Laparoscopy | A procedure using a scope which views the interior structures of the abdomen
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| Ligation | Ties or binds something together with catgut, cotton, wire, or silk
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| Manipulation | Is a maneuver by hand to treat or perform therapy
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| Dilation | Is performed when an expansion or stretching is necessary
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| Stomach | Is a pouchlike structure that aids in the breakdown and digestion of food
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| Gastrotomy | Surgical incision made into the stomach
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| Pyloromyotomy | The cutting of the pyloric muscle
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| Vagotomy | Surgical cutting of the vagus nerve with the intent of reducing acid secretions in the stomach
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| Gastric bypass surgery | Dividing the small bowel with anastomosis to the proximal stomach to bypass the major portion of the stomach
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| Bariatric surgery | Using bands and port insertion and is performed as a treatment of morbid obesity
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| Intestine | is a membranous tube that begins at the pyloric opening of the stomach and ends at the anus.
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| Small intestine | Begins at the pyloric opening sphincter and moves through the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and, the ileocecal sphincter
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| Large intestine | Begins with the cecem and the moves to the colon, rectum, and anus
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| Digestive system | The intake of nourishment, breakdown of food during digestion, absorption of nutrients, & elimination of waste products
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| Alimentary canal | Also known as the digestive system
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| BE | Barium enema
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| GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| GI | Gastrointestinal
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| IBS | Inflammatory bowel syndrome
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| NPO | Nothing by mouth
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| PEG tube | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
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| SBF | Small bowel follow-through
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| TPN | Total parenteral nutrition
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| Vermilion | The pinkish border of the lips
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| V-excision | V-shaped cut
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| Cheiloplasty | Repair of the lips
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| Vestibule of the mouth | Mucosal tissue and submucosal tissue of the lips and cheeks
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| Lingual | Tongue
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| Sublingual | Under tongue
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| Frenum | Connection
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| Glossectomy | Partial or complete removal of the tongue
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| Tracheostomy | Surgical opening unto the trachea through the neck
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| Alveolus | Socket where the tooth sits
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| Palate | Roof of the mouth
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| Uvula | Located in the posterior border of the soft palate
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| Palatoplaty | Repair of the roof of the mouth
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| Pharyngeal flap | An incision through the soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall
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| Island flap | Made using subcutaneous tissue with nutrient vessels
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| Salivary glands | Secrete saliva, which contains an enzyme that aids in digestion
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| Parotid glands | Located in the front of the ear
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| Sublingual glands | Under the tongue
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| Submandibular glands | Found on the floor of the mouth
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| Ascending colon | Begins at the ileoccal junction at the undersurface of the liver
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| Transverse colon | Moves in a horizontal direction
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| Descending colon | Moves down the left side of the abdomen
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| Sigmoid colon | Connects to the rectum
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| Enterolysis | Freeing of the intestinal adhesions
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| Duodenotomy | Incision into the duodenum
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| Enterotomy | Incision into the intestines
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| Anastomosis | Surgically connecting two structures
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| Enteroenterostomy | Surgical anastomosis two parts of the intestine with the creation of an opening between the two areas.
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| Open coleectomy | Excision of all or part of the colon by making incision into the area
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| Meckel's diverticulum | Form of diverticulum of the ileum
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| Mesentery | Is the membranous attachment of an organ to the body wall
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| Appendix | Small, twisted, tubelike structure located at the blind end of the cecum
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| Rectum | Aids the removal of waste from the body
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| Proctosigmoidoscopy | Examination of the rectum into the sigmoid colon
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| Sigmoidoscopy | The endoscope is moved all the way through the rectum and sigmoid colon
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| Colonoscopy | Examination in the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum
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| Liver | Filters red blood cells, stores essential vitamins, contains enzymes that break down poisons in the body, and produces bile that helps break down fats
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| Allotransplantation | Transplant that occurs between like species
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| Biliary tract | Composed of organs and ducts that are involved in the processing and movement of bile into the duodenum
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| Pancreas | Organ that located behind the stomach and is connected to the gallbladder and the liver
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| Abdomen | Area of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis
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| Peritoneum | Membranous lining of the abdomen
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| Omentum | Part of the peritoneum that connects the stomach to other structures of the abdomen
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| Hernia | Bulge through the tissue that normally contains the structure
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| Inguinal hernia | Bulging at the inguinal opening
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| Indirect inguinal hernia | Sac that extends through the inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal
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| Direct inguinal hernia | Protrudes into the abdominal wall
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| Hiatal hernia | Type of hernia that pushes the stomach upward into the mediastinal cavity through the diaphragm
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| Incisional hernia | Hernia that develops through a surgical scar or scar tissue
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| Strangulated hernia | Hernia that develops gangrene because the sac is tightly constricted
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| Ventral hernia | Hernia that protrudes through an abdominal scar where the abdominal wall is protected only by scar tissue
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| Accessory organs | Secondary organs
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| Pulp | Diseases of enamel
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| Pulpitis | Abscess of the pulp
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| Periapical abscess | Infection of the pulp and surrounding tissue
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| Geographic tongue | A condition in which irregularly shaped patches
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| Esophagitis | Inflammation of esophagus
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| Duodenum | Where small intestine begins
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| Jejunum | Middle portion of small intestine
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| ileum | Last part of small intestine
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| Cecum | Beginning of large intestine
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| Gastric ulcer | Occurs in stomach
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| Duodenal ulcer | Occurs in the upper part of small intestine
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| Peptic ulcer | Occurs in unspecified site
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| Gastrojejunal ulcer | Occurs in stomach and jejunum
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of appendix
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| Enteritis | Inflammation of intestines
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| Colitis | Inflammation of colon
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| Crohn's disease AKA (Regional enteritis) | Inflammatory bowel disease
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| Ulcerative colitis | Affects the colon causing diarrhea
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| Diverticula AKA (Diverticulosis) | Abnormal pouches in the lining of intestines
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| Diverticulitis | Sacs becoming inflamed
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| Peritonitis | Inflammation of lining of abdominal cavity
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| Gallblabber | Found under liver
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| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of gallbladder
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| Formation of gallstones
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