A & P 102 test 4
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| What is a by-product of protein metabolism | Urea
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| Blood circulating to the heart itself returns to the right atrium via what structures | coronary sinus
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| what role does the pancreas plan in digestion | neutralize stomach acid by producing bicarbonate
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| what hormone directly stimulates testosterone production in testes and ovulation in the ovaries | luteinizing hormone LH
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| when the diaphragm contracts what happens | 1) diaphragm moves down, expanding the thoracic cavity
2) the pressure within the lungs decreases
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| Which duct connects directly to the gallbladder | cystic duct
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| what molecule is required to make t3 and t4 in the thyroid | iodine
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| Lymph fluid is filtered out of the blood vessels due to----- pressure | osmotic & hydrostatic
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| which vein carries the majority of blood from the brain/head? | internal jugular vein
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| which sections of the small intestines empties into the cecum | ileum
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| the last section of the large intestines | sigmoid
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| what blood glucose is too high, what hormone is released and by which organ | insulin, pancreas
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| what vitamin is required for normal vision | Vitamin A
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| which nerve innervates the diaphragm and causes it to contract | phrenic
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| the conduction system of the heart would progree from the SA node to.. | AV Node, AV bundle, Bundle branches, purkenji fibers
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| What does the medulla sense to control the rate of respiration? | pH
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| What is the function of the hypophyseal portal system | Carry hormones from the hypothalamus to the pituitary directly
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| The internal anal sphincter is composed of what? | smooth muscle
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| what blood vessels are direct branches from the aorta | left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic trunk
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| what is the function of Anti-duiretic hormone? | increase permeability for water in the distal convoluted tubule
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| within the kidney, what structure is composed of leaky capillaries that filter our fluid from the blood | glomerulus
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| The trachea splits at the carina into what two structures | right and left bronchus
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| which hormone stimulates the production of more platelets | thrombopoietin
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| which cell type will cause an inflammatory response by releasing histamine | mast cells
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| Name the lymphatic drainage duct | cisterna chyli
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| Within a renal loop, the descending loops is permeable to..... while the ascending loop is permeable to... | water, ions
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| which while blood cell enters tissues and becomes a mast cell | basophil
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| what structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladders | uterers
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| the abdominal aorta splits directly into what two major arteries to supply blood to the legs | Right and left iliac arteries
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| what action does Anti-diurectic hormone have on the proximal convoluted tubule | nothing
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| The average lifespan of a red blood cell is how long | 120 days
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| what structure releases oxytocin | posterior pituitary
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| the structure of an antibody includes | heavy chain, light chain, disulfide bonds, variable regions
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| what hormones are steriod hormones | estrogen, testosterone, progestrone
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| which organ controls red blood cell production by releasing erythropoietin | kidneys
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| what blood vessels brand directly off the celiac trunk | hepatic artery, splenic artery, left gastric artery
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| the circle of willis contains what arteries. | Anterior cerebral artery (left and right)
Anterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery (left and right)
Posterior cerebral artery (left and right)
Posterior communicating artery (left and right)
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| what by-product of red blood cell destruction can cause jaundice? | bilirubin
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| Which white blood cell with a multi-lobed nucleus is the most prevalent type of white blood cell | neutrophil
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| what cell release the hormone calcitonin | parafolicular
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| what is released by the stomach | pepsinogen, hydrochoric acid
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| what hormones are produced by the pancrease | insulin, glycogen, somatostatin
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| when blood calcium is low, which hormone will be released and stimulate osteoclasts to release calcium from bone tissue. | parathyroid hormone
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| what conditions can result from using fats as energy for extended periods | ketoacidosis
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| which white blood cell will become B-cells and T-cells | lymphocytes
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| which salivary glad sits near the ear and masseter muscle | parotid
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| the proximal convoluted tubules is permeable for which substances | water & glucose
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| where is bile produced | liver
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| white blood cells and platelets account for approximately how much of the total volume of blood | 1%
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| what structure closes off the trachea during swallowing | epiglottis
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| type II diabetes is caused by | a lack of insulin receptors on cells
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| which valves will be closed during systole | mitral & tricuspid
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| a renal papilla empties into which structure | minor calyx
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| what is the oxygen carrying protein in a red blood cell | hemoglobin
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| what muscles prevent valves from prolapsing in the heart | papillary muscles
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| which part of the small intestines receives bile from the bile duct | duodenum
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| what blood vessels surround a nephron and absorb filtrate and ions that leak from the nephron? | vasa recta
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| what structure shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in a fetal hearts | foramen ovale
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| that cells produce sperm in the testest | follicular cells
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| what the small holes in the capillaries of a nephron | fenestrations
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| what is important for ATP production | magnesium
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| between which two layers of the pericardium is pericardial fluid found | visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium
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