Pediatrics
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MR, hypertonia, tremors, light complexion/hair, eczema, mousy urine = | PKU
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PKU dx is confirmed by: | Hyperphenylalanemia in presence of normal / decreased plasma tyrosine
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Meconium ileus at birth, FTT, respiratory infections, steatorrhea = | Cystic fibrosis
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CF mgmt | Airway clearance therapy, inhaled mucolytics (recombinant DNAse), antipseudomonal Abx, pancreatic enzyme & vitamin ADEK supplementation
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MR (IQ 20-80), brachycephaly, dysplastic pinnae, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypotonia = | Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
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Trisomy 18 clinical features | Hypertonicity. Dysmorphic facies (prominent occiput, micrognathia, cleft palate). ASD & PDA. Rocker bottom feet, clinodactyly.
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Trisomy 13 prognosis | Usually associated with abnormalities incompatible with life. Infants often succumb to PNA or CHF in first 1-2 years.
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Trisomy 13 clinical features | Microcephaly. Omphalocele. PKD. Radial bone aplasia. Polydactyly.
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Trianglular facies, coarctation of aorta, webbed neck, peripheral edema = | Turner syndrome (XO monosomy; 1:10,000 female live births)
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Males with micro-orchidism, gynecomastia, azoospermia = | Klinefelter (XXY). 1:1,000 live male births.
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Behavioral abnormalities, prolonged ears & jaw with oblong face, macro-orchidism = | Fragile X syndrome (mutation of FMR1 gene)
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Vit D def / Rickets: genetics | X-linked dominant
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Hemophilia A, Duchennes MD: genetics | X-linked Recessive
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Neurofibromatosis: genetics | Autosomal dominant
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Sickle cell, CF, PKU: genetics | Autosomal Recessive
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