Integrumentary System Chapter 5
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| abrasion | a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane; friction
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| abscess | a localized collection of pus in any part of the body
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| albino | deficiency of pigment in eyes, hair and skin
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| alopecia | partial or complete hair loss
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| amputation | surgical removal of a body part
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| basal layer | deepest layer of the epidermis
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| blackhead | an open comedo
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| blister | a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a vesicle
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| boil | a localized pus-producing infection deep in a hair follicle; a furuncle
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| bruise | a bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin resulting from an injury
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| bulla | large blister
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| carbuncle | a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus
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| cellulitis | a diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; localized heat, deep redness, pain and swelling
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| cerumen | ear wax
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| ceruminus gland | modified sweat gland that lubricates the skin of the ear canal with cerumen
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| cicatrix | a scar
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| circumscribed | confined to a limited space or well-defined area
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| collagen | the protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue
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| comedo | lesion of acne vulgaris (closed comedo=whitehead; open=blackhead
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| contusion | an injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin
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| corium | the dermis; layer of skin under the epidermis
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| cryosurgery | a noninvasive treatment that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy the tissue
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| curettage | process of scraping material away for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material
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| cutaneous membrane | the skin
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| cuticle | a fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail
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| cyanosis | a condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin
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| cyst | a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semifluid or solid material
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| debridement | removal of debris, foreign objects and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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| dermatologist | physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases and disorders of the skin
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| dermatology | the study of the skin
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| dermis | layer of skin immediately beneath the epidermis; the corium
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| diaphoresis | the secretion of sweat
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| ecchymosis | a bruise
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| electrodesiccation | a technique that uses an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used for removal of surface lesions
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| epidermis | outermost layer of skin
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| epidermoid cyst | a cyst filled with a sebum; sebaceous cyst
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| epithelium | the tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body
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| erythema | redness of the skin due to capillary dilation; nervous blushing
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| erythremia | an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells; polycythemia vera
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| excoriation | an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma, such as scratching or abrasions
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| exfoliation | peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells
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| fissure | a cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
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| fistula | an abnormal passageway between 2 tubular organs or from an organ to the body surface
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| furuncle | a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a boil
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| gangrene | death of tissue due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria and subsequent decay of enzymes
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| hair follicle | the tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of the hair shaft
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| hair root | the portion of a strand of hair that is embedded in the hair follicle
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| hemangioma | a benign tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color
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| heparin | a natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues
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| hirsutism | excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occurring in women
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| histiocyte | macrophage; a large phagocytic cell occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
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| hives | circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin that are paler in the center than its surrounding edges
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| hydrocele | a collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male
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| ichthyosis | an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry; hyperkeratotic and fissured--resembling fish scales
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| integument | the skin
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| integumentary system | the body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
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| keratin | a hard fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth and horns of animals
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| keratolytic | an agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin
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| laceration | tear in the skin
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| lanugo | soft, very fine hair that covers the body of the developing fetus
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| lesion | any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash or boil.
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| lipedema | an abnormal condition in which there is swelling/enlargement of the lower extremities
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| lipocyte | a fat cell
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| lunula | the crescent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail
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| macrophage | a large phagocytic cell occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
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| macule | a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
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| mast cell | a cell that contains heparin and histamine
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| melanin | a black or dark pigment that contributes color to the skin and helps filter ultraviolet light
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| melanocytes | cells responsible for producing melanin
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| melanoma | darkly pigmented tumor
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| nail body | the visible part of the nail
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| necrotizing fasciitis | a rare, but serious infection caused by bacteria that can destroy skin, fat and the tissue covering the muscles within a very short time
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| nodule | a small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin
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| oil gland | one of the many small glands located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin
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| onychomycosis | any fungal infection of the nails
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| onychophagia | the habit of biting the nails
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| pachyderma | abnormal thickening of the skin
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| papule | a small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin
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| paronychia | inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail; also called runaround
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| pediculosis | infestation with lice
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| perspiration | the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands; sweat
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| petechia | small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
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| pimple | a papule or pustule of the skin
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| polyp | a small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk
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| pores | openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts and some fatty substances are excreted
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| pressure ulcer | an inflammation, sore or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body
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| pruritus | itching
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| purpura | small, pinpoint hemorrhages
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| pustule | a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess
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| scales | thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis
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| sebaceous cyst | a cyst filled with sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of the sebaceous gland
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| seborrhea | excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales
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| sebum | the oily secretions of the sebaceous glands
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| skin tags | a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck; also known as cutaneous papilloma
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| squamous epithelial cells | flat scale-like cells arrange in layers (strata)
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| stratified | layered; arranged in layers
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| stratum | a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
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| stratum basale | the layer of skin where new cells are continually being reproduced, pushing out older cells
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| stratum corneum | the outermost layer of the epidermis which continually sloughs off or flakes away; kerantinized cell layer
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| stretch marks | linear tears in the dermis that result from overstretching from rapid growth; also known as striae
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| subcutaneous tissue | the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis
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| subungual hematoma | a collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of an injury
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| sudoriferous gland | a sweat gland
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| sweat | the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat gland; perspiration
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| sweat gland | one of the tiny structures with the dermis that produces sweat; also known as sudoriferous gland
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| telangiectasia | the permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules; rosacea
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| ulcer | a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation
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| urticaria | a skin reaction with appearance of smooth, slightly elevated patches that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin; severe itchiness
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| vesicle | a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister
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| vitiligo | a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
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| wheal | a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion; paler in the center than its surrounding edges; hives
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| whitehead | a closed comedo
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| xanthoderma | any yellow coloration of the skin
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| xeroderma | a chronic skin condition characterized by roughness and dryness
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| Carcinoma | Basal cell Ca, Squamous cell Ca, Malignant melanoma
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| Basal cell Carcinoma | malignant epithelial cell tumor, most common of epithelial tissue, occurs most often on the areas exposed to the sun; not treated will invade surrounding tissue; surgical excision, curettage, cryosurgery and electrodesiccation
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| Squamous cell Carcinoma | faster growing than basal cell, greater potential for metastasis if not treated; surgical excision
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| Malignant Melanoma | originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles or skin with pigment; risk factors: family history, fair complexion; extremely invasive; surgical removal, chemo and radiation therapy
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| Exanthematous Viral Disease | Rubella (German measles)
Roseola infantum
Rubeola (measles)
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Childhood communicable infection
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| Herpes Zoster (Shingles) | painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of underlying spinal and cranial nerves; 10-20% population is affected; reactivation of chickenpox
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| Kaposi's Sarcoma | vascular malignant lesion that begin as a soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the face and oral cavity but can occur anywhere on the body; occur most often in men, there is an increased incidence in men with AIDS
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| Pressure Ulcer (decubitus ulcer) | ulcer in skin over a bony prominence, Stage 1-4
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| Keloid | scar
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| Leukoplakia | thickened white patches formed on gums, inside of cheeks, bottom of mouth and tongue; can't be scraped off
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| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disorder that can affect nearly every major organ system, causing inflammation, tissue injury, organ damage and organ dysfunction; butterfly rash
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| Psoriasis | skin cells multiply up to 10 times faster than normal; raised, red plaques covered with white scales; typically on knees, elbows, scalp, torso, palms and soles of feet
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| Excisional Debridement | use of scalpel to remove devitalized tissue (root operation - excision)
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| Nonexcisional Debridement | nonoperative brushing, irrigating, scrubbing, or washing of devitalized tissue, necrosis, slough or foreign material (root operation - extraction)
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| Excisional Biopsy | removal of the complete tumor or lesion
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| Incisional Biopsy | removal a portion of the tumor or lesion
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| Punch Biopsy | removal small specimen of tissue in the "cookie cutter" fashion
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| Shave Biopsy | use scalpel or razor blade to shave lesion elevated above the skin
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| Fulguration | a procedure to destroy and remove tissue using a high-frequency electric current applied with a needlelike electrode; using for the removal of surface lesion, called electrodesiccation
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| Skin Graft | patch of skin that is removed by surgery from one area of the body and transplanted or attached to another area; full thickness (both epidermis and dermis) or split-thickness (epidermis with a segment of dermis)
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| Autograft | different site on the same individual's body
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| Homo or Allograft | same species (dog to dog)
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| Hetero or Xenograft | animal
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| Type of fracture occurs when a bone is weakened by pre-existing disease: | Pathologic
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