the lymphatic system and immunity
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| 3 functions of the lympatic system | fluid balance,protection from infection,absorption of fats
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| lymph | clear liquid that circulates in the lympatic system
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| what kind of capillaries located in the lining of the small intestine absorb digested fats | lacteals
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| term that is used to decrible lymphatic vessels that are located immediately below the skin | superficial
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| lymph nodes | small masses of lymphatic tissue that filter the lymph
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| Nearly all the lymph from the upper extremity and the breast passes through which lymph nodes | axillary lymph node
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| the right lemphatic duct receives lymph from | superior right quadrant
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| what part of the body does the thoracic duct receive lymph from | all parts of the body except those that are superior to the diaphram on the right side
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| cisterna chyli | the first part of the duct is enlarged to form a cistern,or temp storage pouch
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| what is the purpose of valves in the lymphatic vessles | prevents lymph back flow,assist in lymph movement,prevent backflow of blood into the lymph system
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| what is the term for the indented area on the lymph node that is the exit point for lymphatic vessels carring lymph out of the node | hilum
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| the hilum,trabecula and subcapsular sinus are all located in what | lymph nodes
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| bothe right lymphatic duct and thoratic duct empty into what veins | subclavian veins
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| where are the cervical lymph nodes located | neck
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| the right mammary vessels drain into witch duct | the right lymphatic duct
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| the right femoral vessels drain into which duct | thoracic duct
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| where are the popliteal nodes found | knees
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| 4 functions of the spleen | cleans blood of impurities and cellular debris by filtration and phagocytosis;destroys old red blood cells;produces red blood cells befor birth;sercing are resivor for blood
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| name for surgical removal of the spleen | splenectomy
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| where do T cells develope | thymus
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| where are the palatine tonsils located | each side of the soft palate
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| the common name for pharyngeal tonsil | adenoids
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| where is the lingual tonsils located | located back of tongue
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| characteristics of lymphatic vessels | they arise blindly,they are thin walled,contract to propel lymph foward
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| what is reticuloendothelial system responsible for | distruction of worn out blood cells,bacteria,cancer cells and other foreign substances that are harmful to the body
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| kupffer cells are found in which organ | liver
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| lymphadenitis= | inflamation of lymph nodes or nodes becoming enlarged and tender
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| lymphangitis | inflamation of the lymphatic vessels,usally begings in a region of an infected or neglected ingury and can be seen as red streaks extending along a extremity
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| lymphadenopathy | disease of the lymph nodes
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| elephantiasis | great inlargement of the lower extremities resulting from lymphatic vessel blockage by small worms called filariae
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| name for a chronic malignant disease of the lympnoid tissue | hodgkins disease
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| non-hodkins lymphoma is differentiated from hodgkis disease by the absence of what type of cell on biopsy | reed-sternberg cells
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| virulence | the power of organism to produce disease
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| predisposition | individuals condition by emotional,nutritional and living habits
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| are natural killer cells active in specific or nonspecific immunity | nonspecific
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| what are 4 classic symptoms in of imflamatory reaction | heat,swelling,redness,pain
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| what is the function of histamine | when tissue is damaged histamine and other substances are release from the damaged cells causing small blood vessels to dialate.
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| inflammatory exudates | mixture of leukocytes and fluid
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| species immunity | both animal and human are immuned to each others diseases
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| antigen | any foreign substance that enters the body and induces an immune responce
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| what does it mean for a T cell to become sensitized | while in the thymus the T lymphocytes multiply and become capable of combining with specific antigens.
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| cytotoxic T cells | destroy foreign cells directly
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| helper T cells | release substances know as interleukins that stimulate other lymphocytes and macrophages and assist in the disstruction of foreign cells
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| regulatory T cells | suppress the immune system responce in order to prevent overactivity
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| memory T cells | remember an antigen and start a rapid response if that antigen in contracted again
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| macrophages are phagocytic white blood cells derived from what type of cells | monocytes
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| macrophages participate in | phagocytosis, immunity and antigen presentation
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| antibody | substance produced in responce to a antigen
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| another name for antibody | immunoglobulin
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| exposure to an antigen stimulates B cells to become what type of cells | plasma cells
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| what type of cells produce antibodys | plasma cells
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| all antibodys are contained in a portion of the blood plasma called what | gamma globulin
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| some activated B cells do not become plasma cells but become what kind of cells instead | memory cells
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| compliment | the distruction of foreign cells sometimes requires the enzymatic activity of a group of nonspecific proteins in the blood,togather called compliment
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| what type of immunity is needed when a mother passes antibodies to her fetus | passive immunity
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| a vaccine is what type of immunity | artificailly acquired immunity
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| what does it mean when a organism is attenuated | organism is weakend for use in vaccines
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| toxoid | vaccines the contain toxins that are altered with heat or chemicals to reduce their harfullness
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| what does the MMR protect against | measles,mumps,rubella
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| what is serum sickness | when the foreign proteins in animal sera cause a often serious sensitivity reaction
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| what type of immunity does a immune serum or antiserum give | artificially acquired passive immunity
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| a immune serum can contain | antibodies,antivenins,antitoxins
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| what is a allergy | a tendency to react to certain substances that are normally harmless to most people
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| allergens are antigens that are composed of what | proteins
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| what is the common name for urticaria | hives
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| what is autoimmunity | refers to an abnormal reactivity to ones own tissue
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| what virus is aids caused by | HIV virus
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| what is multiple myeloma | cancer of the blood;forming cells in bone marrow,mainly plasma cells that produce antibodys
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| term for the natural tendency of every organism to destroy foreign substances, such as occurs sometime in transplantation | rejection syndrom
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| immunotherapy | stimulation of the immune system to fight disese such as cancer
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