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the lymphatic system and immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 functions of the lympatic system | fluid balance,protection from infection,absorption of fats |
| lymph | clear liquid that circulates in the lympatic system |
| what kind of capillaries located in the lining of the small intestine absorb digested fats | lacteals |
| term that is used to decrible lymphatic vessels that are located immediately below the skin | superficial |
| lymph nodes | small masses of lymphatic tissue that filter the lymph |
| Nearly all the lymph from the upper extremity and the breast passes through which lymph nodes | axillary lymph node |
| the right lemphatic duct receives lymph from | superior right quadrant |
| what part of the body does the thoracic duct receive lymph from | all parts of the body except those that are superior to the diaphram on the right side |
| cisterna chyli | the first part of the duct is enlarged to form a cistern,or temp storage pouch |
| what is the purpose of valves in the lymphatic vessles | prevents lymph back flow,assist in lymph movement,prevent backflow of blood into the lymph system |
| what is the term for the indented area on the lymph node that is the exit point for lymphatic vessels carring lymph out of the node | hilum |
| the hilum,trabecula and subcapsular sinus are all located in what | lymph nodes |
| bothe right lymphatic duct and thoratic duct empty into what veins | subclavian veins |
| where are the cervical lymph nodes located | neck |
| the right mammary vessels drain into witch duct | the right lymphatic duct |
| the right femoral vessels drain into which duct | thoracic duct |
| where are the popliteal nodes found | knees |
| 4 functions of the spleen | cleans blood of impurities and cellular debris by filtration and phagocytosis;destroys old red blood cells;produces red blood cells befor birth;sercing are resivor for blood |
| name for surgical removal of the spleen | splenectomy |
| where do T cells develope | thymus |
| where are the palatine tonsils located | each side of the soft palate |
| the common name for pharyngeal tonsil | adenoids |
| where is the lingual tonsils located | located back of tongue |
| characteristics of lymphatic vessels | they arise blindly,they are thin walled,contract to propel lymph foward |
| what is reticuloendothelial system responsible for | distruction of worn out blood cells,bacteria,cancer cells and other foreign substances that are harmful to the body |
| kupffer cells are found in which organ | liver |
| lymphadenitis= | inflamation of lymph nodes or nodes becoming enlarged and tender |
| lymphangitis | inflamation of the lymphatic vessels,usally begings in a region of an infected or neglected ingury and can be seen as red streaks extending along a extremity |
| lymphadenopathy | disease of the lymph nodes |
| elephantiasis | great inlargement of the lower extremities resulting from lymphatic vessel blockage by small worms called filariae |
| name for a chronic malignant disease of the lympnoid tissue | hodgkins disease |
| non-hodkins lymphoma is differentiated from hodgkis disease by the absence of what type of cell on biopsy | reed-sternberg cells |
| virulence | the power of organism to produce disease |
| predisposition | individuals condition by emotional,nutritional and living habits |
| are natural killer cells active in specific or nonspecific immunity | nonspecific |
| what are 4 classic symptoms in of imflamatory reaction | heat,swelling,redness,pain |
| what is the function of histamine | when tissue is damaged histamine and other substances are release from the damaged cells causing small blood vessels to dialate. |
| inflammatory exudates | mixture of leukocytes and fluid |
| species immunity | both animal and human are immuned to each others diseases |
| antigen | any foreign substance that enters the body and induces an immune responce |
| what does it mean for a T cell to become sensitized | while in the thymus the T lymphocytes multiply and become capable of combining with specific antigens. |
| cytotoxic T cells | destroy foreign cells directly |
| helper T cells | release substances know as interleukins that stimulate other lymphocytes and macrophages and assist in the disstruction of foreign cells |
| regulatory T cells | suppress the immune system responce in order to prevent overactivity |
| memory T cells | remember an antigen and start a rapid response if that antigen in contracted again |
| macrophages are phagocytic white blood cells derived from what type of cells | monocytes |
| macrophages participate in | phagocytosis, immunity and antigen presentation |
| antibody | substance produced in responce to a antigen |
| another name for antibody | immunoglobulin |
| exposure to an antigen stimulates B cells to become what type of cells | plasma cells |
| what type of cells produce antibodys | plasma cells |
| all antibodys are contained in a portion of the blood plasma called what | gamma globulin |
| some activated B cells do not become plasma cells but become what kind of cells instead | memory cells |
| compliment | the distruction of foreign cells sometimes requires the enzymatic activity of a group of nonspecific proteins in the blood,togather called compliment |
| what type of immunity is needed when a mother passes antibodies to her fetus | passive immunity |
| a vaccine is what type of immunity | artificailly acquired immunity |
| what does it mean when a organism is attenuated | organism is weakend for use in vaccines |
| toxoid | vaccines the contain toxins that are altered with heat or chemicals to reduce their harfullness |
| what does the MMR protect against | measles,mumps,rubella |
| what is serum sickness | when the foreign proteins in animal sera cause a often serious sensitivity reaction |
| what type of immunity does a immune serum or antiserum give | artificially acquired passive immunity |
| a immune serum can contain | antibodies,antivenins,antitoxins |
| what is a allergy | a tendency to react to certain substances that are normally harmless to most people |
| allergens are antigens that are composed of what | proteins |
| what is the common name for urticaria | hives |
| what is autoimmunity | refers to an abnormal reactivity to ones own tissue |
| what virus is aids caused by | HIV virus |
| what is multiple myeloma | cancer of the blood;forming cells in bone marrow,mainly plasma cells that produce antibodys |
| term for the natural tendency of every organism to destroy foreign substances, such as occurs sometime in transplantation | rejection syndrom |
| immunotherapy | stimulation of the immune system to fight disese such as cancer |
Created by:
cornejo
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