IPHY 3410- exam 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| type of epithelium in bronchus | pseudostratified
🗑
|
||||
| where does smooth muscle end in bronchial tree | thins out at bronchioles, absent around alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| respiratory distress syndrome | premature infants, inability to produce enough surfactant
🗑
|
||||
| lobule definiton | 1 larger bronchiole and all of its branches
🗑
|
||||
| stroma | elastic connective tissue that surrounds, supports, and connects lobules
🗑
|
||||
| emphysema | unable to fully exhale
🗑
|
||||
| two main layers of pericardium | fibrous and serous
🗑
|
||||
| two (3) parts of serous membrane | parietal, visceral w/ pericardial cavity in between
🗑
|
||||
| visceral pericardium aka | epicardium
🗑
|
||||
| two possible causes of heart murmur | mitral valve prolapse (weakness in collagen or chordae tendinae) or stenosis (calcium deposits)
🗑
|
||||
| what are cardiac muscle desmosomes called | fascia adherens
🗑
|
||||
| ischemic | restriction in blood supply resulting in oxygen and glucose deprivation of tissues
🗑
|
||||
| arterial vs. veinous walls | thicker on arteries and veins have valves **arteries have more elastin in tunica media
🗑
|
||||
| muscular arteries | tunica media has external and internal elastic lamina
🗑
|
||||
| part of capillary that is always open | metarteriole (precapillary sphincters elsewhere)
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of capillaries | continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
🗑
|
||||
| sinusoidal capillary | large intercellular cleft and incomplete basement membrane (lymph nodes)
🗑
|
||||
| blood contents | 55% plasma, and 45% formed elements (includes <1% buffy coat)
🗑
|
||||
| where does hematopoiesis occur | spongy bone
🗑
|
||||
| three things in blood clot | plateler aggregates, RBCs, fibrin
🗑
|
||||
| afferent | sensory neuron
🗑
|
||||
| efferent | motor neuron
🗑
|
||||
| Schwann cells | myelin sheath in PNS
🗑
|
||||
| what is the space between schwann cells called | nodes of ranvier
🗑
|
||||
| unmyelinated axon | schwann cell surrounds multiple axons
🗑
|
||||
| cell that forms myelin sheath in CNS | oligodendrocyte`
🗑
|
||||
| multiple sclerosis | gradual destruction of myelin
🗑
|
||||
| collection of axons in PNS is called | nerve
🗑
|
||||
| collection of axons in CNS is called | tract
🗑
|
||||
| all motor neurons are what kind of neuron | multipolar
🗑
|
||||
| where are bipolar neurons found | special sensory neurons only
🗑
|
||||
| sensory neurons are typically what | unipolar neurons
🗑
|
||||
| where are cell bodies of sensory neurons | in ganglia
🗑
|
||||
| where are cell bodies of motor neurons | within CNS
🗑
|
||||
| interneurons are what type of neuron | multipolar
🗑
|
||||
| what nerve is sensory only | optic
🗑
|
||||
| what nerve is motor only | hypoglossal
🗑
|
||||
| three types of synapses | axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic
🗑
|
||||
| presynaptic axon to postsynaptic dendrite | axodendritic
🗑
|
||||
| presynaptic axon synapses to postsynaptic cell body | axosomatic
🗑
|
||||
| presynaptic axon to postsynaptic axon | axoaxonic
🗑
|
||||
| astrocyte | (CNS) most abundant; transfer glucose (nourish) and take up excess neurotransmitter
🗑
|
||||
| microglial cell | (CNS) least abundant; macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| microglial cell | (CNS) least abundant; macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| ependymal cells | (CNS) ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium/ line central hollow portions like ventricles and central canal
🗑
|
||||
| satellite cells | (PNS) surround cell bodies to prevent information crossover
🗑
|
||||
| ganglia | clusters of neuronal cell bodies
🗑
|
||||
| Tic Douloureux | trigeminal nerve: satellite cells nearby degenerate (due to compressed blood vessel) and soft touch gets registered as pain
🗑
|
||||
| what is the opposite of caudal when referring to the brain | rostral
🗑
|
||||
| arachnoid villi | portions of arachnoid mater that extend into dural sinuses (where CSF is returned to the blood)
🗑
|
||||
| blood brain barrier | specialized continuous capillaries without intercelluar clefts
🗑
|
||||
| what structures of a neuron do oligodendrocytes surround | axons only
🗑
|
||||
| gray matter is composed of | dendrites, cell bodies, glial cells, unmyelinated axons
🗑
|
||||
| ventricles are lined with what | ependymal cells
🗑
|
||||
| order of ventricles | lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, central canal
🗑
|
||||
| capillary network within ventricles that produces CSF | choroid plexus
🗑
|
||||
| hydrocephaly | CSF overproduced/not removed properly in infants causing an increase in head size
🗑
|
||||
| 5 distinct brain development regions | telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
🗑
|
||||
| telencephalon develops into what | cerebrum and lateral ventricles
🗑
|
||||
| diencephalon develops into what | thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, retina, third ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| metencephalon develops into what | pons, cerebellum, fourth ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| myelencephalon develops into what | medulla oblongata, fourth ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| three types of fiber tracts | projection fibers, commissural fibers, association fibers
🗑
|
||||
| projection fibers | allow communication between cortex and rest of nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| commissural fibers | allow communication between right and left cerebral hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| association fibers | allow for communication within different parts of same hemisphere
🗑
|
||||
| decussation | fiber crossover from left to right or vice versa
🗑
|
||||
| three types of processing areas | sensory, motor, assocation
🗑
|
||||
| visual is processed where | cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum, brain stem
🗑
|
||||
| auditory is processed where | brain stem, cerebrum, diencephalon
🗑
|
||||
| motor is processed where | cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum, brain stem
🗑
|
||||
| primary motor cortex | frontal lobe, conscious control of skeletal muscles
🗑
|
||||
| premotor cortex | association area for coordination of repetitive learned skills
🗑
|
||||
| what is the map of the primary motor cortex called | motor homunculus
🗑
|
||||
| somatosensory association area | interpret information based on prior experiences
🗑
|
||||
| what is the map of the primary somatosensory cortex called | sensory homunculus
🗑
|
||||
| wernicke's area | recognition of spoken words
🗑
|
||||
| olfactory cortext is part of | limbic system
🗑
|
||||
| what sense is in insula | gustatory cortext
🗑
|
||||
| basal ganglia | clusters of cell bodies deep to white matter of cerebrum, allow for muscle tone
🗑
|
||||
| corpus striatum function | (part of basal ganglia) starts, stops, and regulates intensity of movements
🗑
|
||||
| corpus striatum components | caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| parkinson's | neuronal pathway leading to corpus striatum degenerates, stop releasing dopamine
🗑
|
||||
| alzheimer's: what pathway degeneration is the primary deficit | basal forebrain (part of basal ganglia)
🗑
|
||||
| limbic system | amygdala (emotional fears), hippocampus (converts short term memories to long term memories)
🗑
|
||||
| diencephalon | thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
🗑
|
||||
| thalamus | part of diencephalon; processing and relay center
🗑
|
||||
| epithalamus | part of diencephalon; pineal gland, secretes melatonin
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus | part of diencephalon; visceral control center (body temp, hunger/thirst, glands, etc.)
🗑
|
||||
| superior colliculi | (corpora quadrigemina of midbrain) visual reflexes
🗑
|
||||
| inferior colliculi | (corpora quadrigemina of midbrain) auditory reflexes; larger
🗑
|
||||
| pons | regulates speed of respiration, bridge between cerebrum and cerebellum
🗑
|
||||
| 3 functions of cerebellum | current movements (where body parts are), planned movements, equilibrium
🗑
|
||||
| medulla oblongata | brainstem, right below pons; controls HR, force of contractions, blood pressure, respiration rate
🗑
|
||||
| what is the one meninge structure around spinal cord that isn't present in brain | epidural space; superficial to dura mater (fatty tissue)
🗑
|
||||
| ventral horns | motor functions leave spinal cord here
🗑
|
||||
| dorsal horns | sensory functions enter spinal cord here
🗑
|
||||
| lateral horns | visceral motor neurons (only below cervical regions)
🗑
|
||||
| where are cell bodies of somatic & visceral sensory neurons | dorsal root ganglia
🗑
|
||||
| cervical enlargement | upper limb
🗑
|
||||
| lumbar enlargement | lower limb
🗑
|
||||
| ascending tracts | sensory interneuron axons
🗑
|
||||
| descending tracts | motor interneuron axons
🗑
|
||||
| reflex arc | no brain input, just goes to spinal cord (integration center at interneuron)
🗑
|
||||
| monosynaptic reflex | axon terminals of sensory neurons synapse directly w/ motor neuron (2 neurons, one synapse)
🗑
|
||||
| polysynaptic reflex | axon terminals of sensory neurons connected via 1+ interneurons
🗑
|
||||
| what structures of the PNS allow it to communicate with the CNS | spinal nerves and cranial nerves
🗑
|
||||
| how many cranial nerves | 12 pairs
🗑
|
||||
| how many pairs of spinal nerves | 31 pairs
🗑
|
||||
| how many cervical nerves | 8 (pair)
🗑
|
||||
| how many thoracic nerves | 12 (pair)
🗑
|
||||
| how many lumbar nerves | 6 (pair)
🗑
|
||||
| how many coccygeal nerves | 1 (pair)
🗑
|
||||
| dermatomes | map of the relationship between sensory receptors of the skin and the spinal nerves
🗑
|
||||
| paraplegia | damage between T1-L2
🗑
|
||||
| quadriplegia | damage above T1 (above C4 also lose ability to breathe)
🗑
|
||||
| mechanoreceptors | respond to distortion caused by pressure changes, vibration, etc
🗑
|
||||
| meissner's corpuscles | mechanoreceptors that respond to light touch
🗑
|
||||
| root hair plexus | free nerve endings that wrap around hair to respond to movement
🗑
|
||||
| three types of proprioceptors | (type of mechanoreceptors) muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, joint kinesthetic receptors
🗑
|
||||
| nociceptors | free nerve endings that respond to mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| where are photoreceptors found | melanocytes and retina
🗑
|
||||
| motor unit | one somatic motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
🗑
|
||||
| what is the structure on visceral motor neurons that synapses with smooth muscle cells | variscosities
🗑
|
||||
| cervical plexus | ventral rami C1-C5
🗑
|
||||
| brachial plexus | ventral rami C5-T1
🗑
|
||||
| lumbar plexus | ventral rami L1-L4
🗑
|
||||
| sacral plexus | ventral rami L4-S4
🗑
|
||||
| polio | virus that targets motor neurons
🗑
|
||||
| post polio syndrome | older people lose functions because neurons that made new connections eventually fatigue
🗑
|
||||
| autonomic nervous system aka | visceral motor
🗑
|
||||
| where do parasympathetic neurons originate from | brainstem and sacral spinal nerves
🗑
|
||||
| where do sympathetic neurons originate from | thoracic and lumbar regions
🗑
|
||||
| how many neurons between spinal cord and skeletal muscle for somatic motor | 1
🗑
|
||||
| how many neurons between spinal cord and skeletal muscle for visceral motor | 2
🗑
|
||||
| parasympathetic neuron lengths | long, short (both Ach) and no branching
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic neuron lengths | short, long (Ach, NE) with branching
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic trunk ganglion | expansion of sympathetic trunk where pre and post ganglionic neurons synapse
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic trunk | runs parallel to spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| Which epithelial lining corresponds to primary bronchi | pseudostratified ciliated columnar
🗑
|
||||
| Which structure anchors the chordae tendinae of the atrioventricular valves | papillary muscle
🗑
|
||||
| Which layer of the heart wall is visceral pericardium | epicardium
🗑
|
||||
| What type of tissue comprises the SA node, AV node, bundle branches and Purkinje fibers? | Muscle tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Which valve(s) of the heart are forced closed when blood tries to flow back into the ventricles at the end of a cardiac cycle? | Pulmonary semilunar valve, Aortic semilunar valve
🗑
|
||||
| mitral valve aka | bicuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| what components of blood can move through the fenestrations | plasma only
🗑
|
||||
| Deep gray matter is associated with which structures? | basal forebrain nuclei and basal ganglia
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebral white matter is associated with which structures? | projection tracts, commissural tracts, association tracts
🗑
|
||||
| two possible CSF tracts | 1) lateral ventricles → third ventricle → fourth ventricle → central canal → subarachnoid space → arachnoid villi
2) lateral ventricles → third ventricle → fourth ventricle → subarachnoid space → arachnoid villi
🗑
|
||||
| # synapses somatic motor division | 2
🗑
|
||||
| # synapses visceral motor division | 3
🗑
|
||||
| In the cardiac cycle, what happens immediately after ventricular systole ends? | both the atria and ventricles fill with blood
🗑
|
||||
| Which part of a blood vessel contains the vaso vasorum | tunica externa
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of artery is defined as being closest to the heart and having the largest diameter? | elastic artery
🗑
|
||||
| What makes up the formed elements of the blood? | erythrocytes, leukocytes, & platelets
🗑
|
||||
| veins contain valves. What are those valves made of? | tunica intima
🗑
|
||||
| What is the epineurium | a dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a nerve
🗑
|
||||
| which type of fiber tract connects two locations within a single cerebral hemisphere? | association
🗑
|
||||
| Which structures make up the brainstem | medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain
🗑
|
||||
| Which two regions of the brain are considered to be the two major visceral control centers | Medulla oblongata & hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| Which nerve plexus does the sciatic nerve arise from? | Sacral
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
melaniebeale
Popular Anatomy sets