Flashcards
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| The process in which a muscle becomes or is made shorter and tighter. | Contraction
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| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers
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| Four Major Functional Characteristics | Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity
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| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. | Fascia
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| A connective tissue sheath | Epimysium
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| 2 Major kinds of protein fibers | Actin, Myosin
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| Actin and myosin form highly ordered units called | Sarcomeres
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| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with... | Myofibrils
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| What helps produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature. | Muscles
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| Each sarcomere extends from one _______ to another _______ | Z line
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| Specialized muscle of the heart | Cardiac Muscle
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| A bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue | Fascicle
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| Muscle consisting of spindle shaped unstriped muscle cells | Smooth muscle
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| On each side of the Z line is a light area called the ________ | I Band
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit
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| Brief reversal back of the charge | Action potential
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| The charge difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential
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| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | Muscle Twitch
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold
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| ___ is needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP
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| ___ produced in the mitochondria | ATP
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| ___ is short-lived and unstable. | ATP
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| 24. Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations | Skeletal Muscle
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| thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell | Endomysium
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| Perimysium | Connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers
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| The sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle | Epimysium
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| Sarcolemma | oral nuclei beneath the plasma membrane
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| Myosin | one of the principal contractile proteins found In muscle
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| Actin | contractile protein
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| Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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| Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body | Axon
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| Chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings | Acetylcholine
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| the result of muscle exercise strenuously for a long time | muscle fatigue
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| Isotonic contractions | successful sliding movements of myofilaments
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| contractions where muscles don't shorten | Isometric contractions
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| attachment of a muscle as opposed to it's origin. | insertion
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| Origin | attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed and contracted
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| Synergists | muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce movement
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| Antagonists | muscles that act in opposition to antagonist or prime moves
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| muscles acting to immobilize a joint or bone | Fixators
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| 42. Most stationary end of the muscles | Origin
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| portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly
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| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion
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| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt
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| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen
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| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen
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| isotonic | equal tension
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| isometric | equal distance
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| 2 types of muscle contractions | isometric, isotonic
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| High-energy molecule | creatine phosphate
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists
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| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists
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| if one muscle plays the major role in movements its called | prime mover
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| Mastication | chewing
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| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of ptreygoids, temporalis, and masseter
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| Neck muscles | Sternocleidomastoid
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| 58. Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis
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| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks
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| frowning | Depressor angui oris
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| Levator labii superioris | sneering
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| Muscles that move the thorax | Thoracic Muscles
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| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids
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| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle
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| Rotates scapula | Trapezius
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| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly
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| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major
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| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm.
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| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle
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| Gluteus maximus | buttocks
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| extends the leg | Quadriceps femoris
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| flexes the thigh | Sartorius
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| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles
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| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle
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| Achilles tendon | flex the foot and toes
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