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Anatomy
Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process in which a muscle becomes or is made shorter and tighter. | Contraction |
| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers |
| Four Major Functional Characteristics | Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity |
| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. | Fascia |
| A connective tissue sheath | Epimysium |
| 2 Major kinds of protein fibers | Actin, Myosin |
| Actin and myosin form highly ordered units called | Sarcomeres |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with... | Myofibrils |
| What helps produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature. | Muscles |
| Each sarcomere extends from one _______ to another _______ | Z line |
| Specialized muscle of the heart | Cardiac Muscle |
| A bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue | Fascicle |
| Muscle consisting of spindle shaped unstriped muscle cells | Smooth muscle |
| On each side of the Z line is a light area called the ________ | I Band |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit |
| Brief reversal back of the charge | Action potential |
| The charge difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | Muscle Twitch |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| ___ is needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| ___ produced in the mitochondria | ATP |
| ___ is short-lived and unstable. | ATP |
| 24. Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations | Skeletal Muscle |
| thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell | Endomysium |
| Perimysium | Connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers |
| The sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle | Epimysium |
| Sarcolemma | oral nuclei beneath the plasma membrane |
| Myosin | one of the principal contractile proteins found In muscle |
| Actin | contractile protein |
| Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum |
| Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body | Axon |
| Chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings | Acetylcholine |
| the result of muscle exercise strenuously for a long time | muscle fatigue |
| Isotonic contractions | successful sliding movements of myofilaments |
| contractions where muscles don't shorten | Isometric contractions |
| attachment of a muscle as opposed to it's origin. | insertion |
| Origin | attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed and contracted |
| Synergists | muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce movement |
| Antagonists | muscles that act in opposition to antagonist or prime moves |
| muscles acting to immobilize a joint or bone | Fixators |
| 42. Most stationary end of the muscles | Origin |
| portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| isometric | equal distance |
| 2 types of muscle contractions | isometric, isotonic |
| High-energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| if one muscle plays the major role in movements its called | prime mover |
| Mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of ptreygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Neck muscles | Sternocleidomastoid |
| 58. Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| frowning | Depressor angui oris |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Muscles that move the thorax | Thoracic Muscles |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| extends the leg | Quadriceps femoris |
| flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
| Achilles tendon | flex the foot and toes |
Created by:
tyoungbruh
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