Ch 6
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on it to display the answer.
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| Four major functional characteristics | Contractility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity |
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| The ability of skeletal muscles to shorten with force | Contractility |
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| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
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| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
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| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
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| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the | Epimysium |
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| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. Surrounds & separates muscles. | Fascia |
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| Threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
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| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called | Fibers |
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| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers: | Actin & myosin myofilaments |
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| Thin myofilaments | Actin myofilaments |
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| Thick myofilaments | Myosin myofilaments |
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| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | Sarcomeres |
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| What is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle? | The Sarcomere |
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
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| Occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten. | Muscle contraction |
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| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch |
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| ⢠is needed for energy for muscle contraction ⢠is produced in the mitochondria ⢠is short-lived and unstable | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
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| Without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
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| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | Belly |
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| The _____ is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
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| The ____ is the most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | Synergists |
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists |
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| Most muscles have names that are | Descriptive |
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| Some muscles are named according to their | Location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function, etc. |
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| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows |
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| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyelid and causes "crow feet" |
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| Orbicularis oris | Puckers the lips |
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| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
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| Zygomaticus | Smiling muscle |
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| Levator labor superioris | Sneering |
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| Depressor Anguli oris | Frowning |
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| Mastication | Chewing |
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| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of ptertygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
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| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
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| Move the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscles |
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| Sternocleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
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| Group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector spinae |
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| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals |
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| Contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals |
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| Diaphragm | Accomplished quiet breathing |
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| Trapezius | Rotates scapula |
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| Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly |
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| Pectoralis major | Adducts and flexes the arm |
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| Latissimus dorsi | Medially rotates, adducts, & powerfully extends the arm |
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| Deltoid | Attaches the humerus to he scapula and clavicle, major abductor of the upper limb |
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| Triceps brachii | Extends the forearm |
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| Biceps brachii | Flexes the forearm |
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| Brachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm |
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| Flexor carpi | Flexes the wrist |
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| Extensor carpi | Extends the wrist |
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| Flexor digitorum | Flexes the fingers |
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| Extensor digitorum | Extends the fingers |
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| 19 hand muscles | Intrinsic hand muscles |
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| Interossi muscles | Located between the metacarpals. Responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers |
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| Gluteus maximus | Buttocks |
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| Gluteus medius | Hip muscle and common injection site |
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| Quadriceps femoris | Extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
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| Sartorius | Flexes the thigh "tailors muscle" |
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| Hamstring | Muscles- posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
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| Gastrocnemius and soleus | Form the calf muscle |
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| Calcaneal tendon | Flex the foot and toes |
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| Peroneus | The lateral muscles of the leg |
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| Intrinsic foot muscles | 20 muscles located within the foot |
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| Extends the length of the myosin | The A band |
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| Center of each sarcomere, consists of only myosin | H zone |
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| Change difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential |
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| The brief reversal back of the charge | Action potential |
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit |
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| The enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal |
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| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is | Synaptic cleft |
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| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
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| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called | Recruitment |
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